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So priests, ministers or pastors -- we still call them pastors -had long been referred to as shepherds.
因此牧师，神官或教会牧师-我们仍然这样叫他们,很长一段时间都以牧羊人来代指。
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And you know, the image that my generation has of everyone in your generation
我们这代人对你们那一代人的印象就是，
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But the question is how are those of us of this generation, living that ethic out in the early 21st century?
但问题是,我们这代人如何，将在21世纪初的生活中体现这一道德？
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And in terms of equations that we use, it's sometimes easier to plug in the fact, since momentum is equal to mass times velocity.
在我们使用方程这方面，事实上有时是很容易代入的，因为动量等于质量乘以速度。
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It's one thing to plug in all the numbers and say, "I know Newton's laws and I know how they work."
我们平时只是把数字代进公式,然后说,"我懂牛顿定律,也知道怎么使用"
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But since life expectancy in the Ancient World was much less than ours, you didn't have usually several generations in these households, because older people just died.
但是古代人的寿命没我们长，一般不会出现几代同堂，因为年纪大了去世了。
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I don't know if that's true of you, but it certainly is true of people of my generation.
我不知道你们是不是也这样,但对于我们这代人来说确实如此
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You can pick out words that are identical. The purpose of the law is to "establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty."
你可以找出完全相同的话，法律的目的是,“树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防,增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们後代,能安享自由带来的幸福“
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So in the fourth stanza we as readers have no idea where we are or when it is the speaker of the poem imagines himself to be speaking, and it's at this point that something quite strange happens.
所以作为读者，对第四段我们不知道,自己在哪，诗的代言者在哪,什么时候想说话，而且就是在这时非常奇怪的事情发生了。
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You can see the different points-- I've calculated this using data from 1983 until 2006-- and I computed all of the inputs to those equations that we just saw.
你可以观察不同的点-,我用从1983年到2006年的数据-,代入我们刚教授的等式,进行了计算。
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That's certainly one way to do it, but for computers that's not necessarily the easiest way. So another way of solving it is to do something we already saw last time, which is basically, why not simply enumerate all possible examples and check them?
将一个等式代入另一个等式，这当然是一种办法,但是对电脑来说这绝对不是一件简单的事,所以解决这个问题的办法，正如我们上一次看过的,非常基本？
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And now we're just going to substitute du in here.
现在我们把上面的du的表达式代入。
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Let's go through this calculation for HF.
我们把H，F数据代入检验这个公式。
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What about the fact that-- We said there's a family of arguments, all of which have the general structure, inference to the best explanation, you need souls in order to explain feature F. Plug in a different feature F and you get a new argument.
这个事实怎么样,我们说过有一大类观点,它们有一些共同的结构,有关于这个最佳解释的推论,需要用灵魂的概念,来解释功能特征F,代入一个不同的,功能特征就会得到一个新的论点
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And there is a relationship here, and that is that the number of photons absorbed by the metal are related to the number of electrons ejected from the metal. So, in this figure here what I'm actually showing is these little sunshines, which let's say are each one individual photon.
这里有一个关系是，被金属吸收的光子,和被金属逐出的电子是相关的,所以，我展示的这个图,是这些小太阳，我们这里代指每一个独立的光子。
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Therefore, mathematically at a given time t, we can trade t for v and put it into this formula.
因此,从数学角度来说,在给定的时刻 t,我们可以用 v 来表示 t,并代入这个式子
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, r1, and r2 for those and I plugged it into that formula, which we just showed.
我计算了σ1，σ2，r1和r2，I，computed，the，σ1，，σ,代入我们刚刚展示的公式。
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So let's just plug in these numbers here.
让我们把这些数字代入进去。
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Of course, we have to also know how to plug in the numbers so we can pass all the tests, but it's good to understand the nature of the edifice set up by Newton.
当然,我们首先要知道怎么代数字,这样我们考试才能过关,但是如果能理解,牛顿的这一伟大杰作的本质就更好了
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We can plug this in further when we're talking about the visible part of the light spectrum, because we know that for n final equals 2, then that would mean we plug in 2 squared here, so what we get is 1 over 4.
当我们讨论可见光谱的时候,我们可以把这个代进去,因为我们知道n末是等于2的,这意味着我们可以。
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So, let's say we start off at the distance being ten angstroms. We can plug that into this differential equation that we'll have and solve it and what we find out is that r actually goes to zero at a time that's equal to 10 to the negative 10 seconds.
也就大约是这么多,所以我们取初始值10埃,我们把它代入到,这个微分方程解它,可以发现，r在10的,负10次方秒内就衰减到零了。
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what we would expect to see for the energy.
我们将这些值代入来看看。
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What we do is we take the interest rate, which I'll call r, and plug it into a formula, which I didn't actually do the arithmetic to their number.
我们只需将利率r,代入等式中,虽然我没有代入数字验证过...
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And it turns out that if we have a, for example, for s, a very large z effective or larger z effective than for 2 p, and we plug in a large value here in the numerator, that means we're going to end up with a very large negative number.
结果是如果我们有一个，举例来说对于s一个很大的有效电荷量或者,比2p大的有效电荷量，并且我们将一个较大的值代入计算器，那意味着我们最后会得到,一个非常大的负数。
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So this is our final equation, and this is actually called the Balmer series, which was named after Balmer, and this tells us the frequency of any of the lights where we start with an electron in some higher energy level and we drop down to an n final that's equal to 2.
把2代入到这里，所以得到1除以,这就是我们最终的方程，这叫做Balmer系，以Balmer名字命名的,它告诉我们从高能级掉到n等于2的,最终能级所发出光的频率。
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We also know how to figure out the energy of this orbital, and we know how to figure out the energy using this formula here, which was the binding energy, -Rh which is negative r h, we can plug it in because n equals 1, so over 1 squared, and the actual energy is here.
我们知道如何算出,这个轨道的能级，而且我们知道如何,用这个公式,算出能量，也即是结合能，等于，我们把n等于1代进来，所以除以1的平方，这就是能量。
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