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This is the year in which we have two dominant groups in the new revolutionary Parliament.
这也是我们在新革命性的议会中,拥有两个占统治地位的团体的一年。
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But here, we sort of got two, so the Prime Minister is below the Queen,
在这里，我们有两个统治者，首相在女王之下，
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To question those beliefs would seem to exhibit a kind of lack of civic faith faith in our ruling opinions.
如果质疑这些信念,似乎是表现出缺乏公民信仰,对我们统治主张的信仰。
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Next time, I will take up the story of the expansion of the world of the polis, which takes the form of colonization.
下一次课,我们从城邦的扩张说起,这也是之后殖民统治的雏形
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So, behaviorism as a dominant intellectual field has faded, but it still leaves behind an important legacy and it still stands as one of the major contributions of twentieth century psychology.
虽然行为主义的统治地位已经不复存在，但它仍留给了我们许多重要的遗产,行为主义也仍然是,二十世纪心理学发展的主要贡献之一。
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The point is this is why lots of people thought, "I don't like this guy sending people around and taking my taxes, but I don't want to get offed by some marauders.
这就是为什么许多人会有这样的想法的原因,"我不喜欢有人派兵来统治我们,收我们的税,但我更不希望遭人劫掠
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The long-term risks are dominant in our lives.
长期风险,在我们的生活中占统治地位。
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We have the compelling, official authority of the new state licenser, and Milton pits that external state of power against the powers of reason and against the powers of conscience that, of course, were seen to govern human action from within -- an internalized authority.
我们有新政府的出版控制者的强迫的官方统治，弥尔顿陷入了外在的政府权力和推理的力量,以及良心的力量的对立，当然，被认为是从内化的统治约束人类行动。
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It is the product, the creation of the people or of what we might call, in Jeffersonian language, it is the product of the consent of the governed.
我们可以说它是人民权力的产物,但若用杰斐逊的话讲，我们也可以说它是，统治者们互相默许下的产物。
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So, that makes it clear we're talking about a wealthy civilization, at least in which the rulers are wealthy, and in which the rulers, of course, are very powerful.
以上正说明了我们所讨论的是一个富有的文明,至少它的统治者很富有,当然,也很强大
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The Netherlands also resisted absolutism, and the Dutch Republic remained the Dutch Republic; although, for reasons that we'll see later, the Dutch Republic ceases to be a great power in the 18th century.
荷兰抵制绝对统治的政体,保留了共合制,然而,后面我们将说到,荷兰共和国在十八世纪没落了
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Although these people are Greeks, they are ruling a culture which is thoroughly different from the one we will be studying for the bulk of the semester.
虽然这些人是希腊人,但是他们所统治的文化,和我们将要花大半个学期所学的文化完全不同
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This is a point we'll come back to, particularly when we're talking about the two most important states, two of the great powers of the period that did not have absolute rule.
这一点我们后面会详细讲,特别是当我们谈到最重要的两个,没有建立绝对统治的强国的时候
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To be a political animal means first to possess speech or reason that allows us to participate in a community or a way of life governed by shared standards of justice and injustice.
要成为政治动物的首要,是拥有演说或理性的能力,以让我们参与社群,或由共享公正,与不公标准所统治的生活方式。
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This was, again, the thesis of the classical republicans according to which we are only fully human, or we only become fully human, when we are engaged in political life, in ruling ourselves by laws of our own making.
这再一次印证了典型共和派的的宗旨,根据于我们是完全的人，我们要变成完全的人，当我们被牵扯到政治生活中，我们用我们自己制造的法律来统治自己。
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Every polity of which we know is based upon a distinction between the rulers and the ruled.
每一个我们所知的政体,都是根据,统治者与被统治者的区分而定。
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The Republic asks us to consider seriously, ? what would a city look like ruled by philosophers?
理想国》要我们严肃地考虑，一座由哲学家统治的城邦面貌为何？
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Justice, in other words, for Thrasymachus is a kind of sucker's game; obeying the rules that really benefit others largely because we fear the consequences of injustice.
换言之，正义对，Thrasymachus，而言是一种恒输的游戏;,服从统治者,有利于他者,主要是我们害怕不公的后果。
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