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All right. Now quickly, as to the plot: desire emerges or begins as the narratable. What is the unnarratable?
好的我们赶快再来看情节：,欲望开始的时候是叙述性的，那么什么是不可叙述的呢？
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And people who have the constrained vision think that our instincts, our inclinations, our basic nature is immutable, accepted.
执有人性受约束的观点的人认为,我们的本能，欲望，我们的本性是永恒的，唯有接受。
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So he stays with the idea that our de facto actual empirical desires are the only basis for moral judgment.
所以他始终认为,我们的实际欲望是道德判断的唯一基础。
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We think that anticipation is a powerful evoker of desire, and we think that brain activation can reflect that.
我们认为,预期是有关欲望的一种有效观测手段，同时我们认为，大脑活动能够将其反映出来。
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For Plato, philosophy was in the first instance, a therapy for our passions in a way of setting limits to our desires.
对于柏拉图，哲学的首要任务，是透过对我们的欲望设限,来治疗我们的激情。
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There are so many different aspects that we can get into and this underlying theory motivates a lot of what we do.
我们能从很多不同的方面来切入,这一基本的理论激发了我们的研究欲望
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But there's an aspect of desires, the emotional side, that machines can't have, but we clearly do have.
但是欲望的情绪面,是机器没有的,而我们有
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So what happens is, Freud described a lot of normal life in terms of different ways we use to keep that horrible stuff from the id making its way to consciousness.
弗洛伊德描述了，很多我们会在日常生活中使用的方法,我们用这些方法,来阻止来自本我的原始欲望,进入到意识之中。
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People who hold constrained vision of human nature, believe that human nature cannot be changed; it's immutable-- we have certain instincts, we have certain inclinations.
认为人性受约束的观点的人，相信人性无法改变;,它是永恒的，我们有一些本能，有一些欲望。
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If it's got Napoleon's memories,beliefs,desires,goals, and so forth and so on,wouldn't we say it's Napoleon?
如果他有拿破仑的记忆，信念，欲望，目标，诸如此类的东西，我们难道不认为他是拿破仑？
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Given the no branching view,the no branching rule, we can say,in the ordinary case,look, there really wasn't anybody imprinted with my memories and desires in Michigan.
在这个无分支这个规则下，通常的案例下，我们能说，密歇根并没有人植入了我的记忆和欲望。
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And what he seems to be saying is this: we are beings who are first and foremost dominated " by a desire for power.
他所说的似乎是像这样：,“我们是被追求权力欲望,所主宰的首要生物。
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That will follow once we assume that no physical object has beliefs or desires.
这是我们假定,物理对象没有信念或欲望的必然结果
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Maybe we want to build that emotional side into talk of desires.
也许我们想把情绪面整合到对欲望的讨论中
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We're saying it's got an ultimate desire to win the game.
我们认为它有最终赢得比赛的欲望
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The soul is just, he tells us, when the appetites, spiritedness, and reason cooperate with reason, ruling, spirit and appetite, just as in the polis, the philosopher-king rules the warriors and the workers.
他告诉我们，灵魂将是正义的，当欲望，意志及理性，与理性统治，意志,及欲望合作，一如城市中的正义，哲学家国王统治,战士及工人。
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This tightly connected set of facts about us-- beliefs, desires, reasoning, strategizing, planning-- you need to appeal to a soul"-- so the argument goes--; "You need to appeal to a soul to explain that.
这些与我们自身联系紧密的东西,信仰,欲望,论证,谋略,规划,非得诉求灵魂才能解释,这个论点于是变成这样,你需要诉诸灵魂来解释这些
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There is a kind of license that comes from the denial of any restraints on our desires or a kind of relativistic belief that all desires are equal and all should be permitted.
有种许可来自于,拒绝限制我们的欲望,或一种相对的信念,即所有的欲望都是平等且都应被允许,柏拉图对民主的观点。
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Note that he is not saying, although he is sometimes taken to be saying this, that he is not saying biologically implanted desire or impulse that we have or share that leads us to engage in political life.
注意，他并未亲口说，但他有时会被认为说过这话，但他并未说过,生物性根植的欲望或冲动,引导我们,致力于政治生活。
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There is considerable evidence for different forms of innate knowledge and innate desires and we'll look--and we'll talk about it in detail when we look at case studies like language learning, the development of sexual preference, the developing understanding of material objects.
大量不同形式的证据,证明了先天知识和先天欲望的存在,当我们讲到语言学习，性偏好发展,以及物质客体理解的发展，等主题的个案研究时，会来细讲这些证据。
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So the strong classical conditioning stories about fetishes and fears sound silly and extreme and they probably are but at the same time classical conditioning can be used at least to shape the focus of our desires and of our interests.
用经典条件作用来解释恋物癖和恐惧,听起来很蠢也很极端,或许是这样,但至少经典条件作用,能够使我们产生,对欲望和兴趣的关注。
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Here's how to-- Just like we can explain in materialist, physicalist terms how to get desires and beliefs and the behavioral stuff down, here's how to get the feeling, qualitative aspect of things down, too."
然后,如何如何,正如我们可以从唯物主义,物理主义的角度解释如何得到欲望,信念,以及行为层面的东西,我们也可以解释如何得到感觉,定性方面的感觉
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We are all endowed, he says, with a kind of natural right to life and the desire to preserve oneself is not just a biological fact, although it is also that, it is for him a moral right, it is a moral entitlement, every being has a fundamental right to its own life.
他说，我们具有，一种对生活的自然权利,和保护自己的欲望,这不只是一种生理现象，虽然是一种生理现象，对他来说这更是一种道德权利，是一种道德资格，每个人最自己的生活都有这种根本权利。
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