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her brothers were eleven and nine: unusually young actors, we might think, to be engaged in such high-flying philosophical debates as these two characters find themselves in.
分别是11岁和9岁，不寻常的小演员，我们可能会想，他们来演这雄心壮志的哲学辩论,是怎么样的。
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And in that class, we study great works of western philosophy, like going back as far as Plato through Aristotle,
在这门课上，我们学习西方哲学的伟大作品，比如说通过亚里士多德讲到年代久远的柏拉图，
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These risks spring from the fact that philosophy teaches us and unsettles us by confronting us with what we already know.
这风险源自于以下事实,即哲学就是让我们面对自己熟知的事物,然后引导并动摇我们原有的认知。
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That view's also worth taking seriously in a metaphysics class, but for our purposes, I mention it and put it aside.
此观点也值得在哲学课程中认真讨论,但就我们的目标而言,我仅仅只是提及它,并将其搁置一边
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He says, "I believe in the practice and philosophy of what we have agreed to call magic, in what I must call the evocation of spirits, though I do not know what they are."
他说我相信我们所称作的,关于魔法的实践和哲学，我认为那是对灵魂的召唤，尽管我并不知道它们是什么“
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Last lecture, you might have thought this was a SHASS class, it's not like a philosophy class, and it was important to set the stage for what we're going to talk about, but we talked about very high level things.
上一节课，你们可能认为,这课没什么意思，这可能不太像一门哲学课，为我们所要讨论的去做好准备,是很重要的，我们上节课讲的是一些比较高层次的的东西。
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but once I could see that ethics and political philosophy really could make a difference to the way we live our lives.
但是当我看到，伦理学和政治哲学,的确可以改变我们的生活方式时。
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For Plato, philosophy was in the first instance, a therapy for our passions in a way of setting limits to our desires.
对于柏拉图，哲学的首要任务，是透过对我们的欲望设限,来治疗我们的激情。
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I want to discuss the consequence of rationality in playing games, slightly philosophical for a few minutes.
我们来讨论下理性对博弈结果的影响,这稍微有点哲学的色彩
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Is it universal wisdom? Romantic psychology? We shall never know, for the good reason that writing is the destruction of every voice, of every point of origin.
是否是普遍的哲学？还是浪漫的心理？我们都不得而知，因为写作就是对每个意见，每点原创的破坏。
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So the job of a good philosopher of his kind is to help make us our ideas clear And to do that, he worked out a logical system.
所以像他那类出色哲学家的任务就是,帮助我们将我们自己的观点说清楚,为了这样，他研究了逻辑体系。
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That's a one-movement work in which the composer tries to tell a story or play out an historic event or, in the case of the Strauss, to give us the beginning of the contents of a philosophical novel through music.
交响诗是类单乐章作品,作曲家试图从中讲述一个故事,或是再现一个历史事件,而施特劳斯,通过音乐,为我们讲述了一部哲学小说开头的内容
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The great philosophers had arguments that they were putting forward to try to persuade us of the truths of their positions.
这些伟大的哲学家们做出了论证,来使我们相信,他们观点的正确性
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Well, the things we'll talk about are philosophical questions that arise as we begin to think about the nature of death.
我们要讨论的是,在我们思考死亡本质时产生的哲学问题。
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The way to get better at thinking about philosophy is by talking about philosophy.
能够让我们更好的了解哲学的方法,就是通过谈论哲学。
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To investigate those three questions, we're going to have to read some philosophers.
为了研究这三个问题，我们将要阅读几位哲学家的著作。
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Plato's going to argue once we understand the sort of metaphysical nature of the soul, we'll see why it couldn't be destroyed.
柏拉图会为我们证明,一旦我们理解了灵魂的哲学本质,我们就会明白为什么不能摧毁灵魂
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That's a great idea except for the fact that you just wrecked the philosophical point.
想法不错,只不过,你避开了我们今天要谈论的哲学问题。
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So we're asking the metaphysical question: What kind of a thing is a person?
所以我们在讨论的是一个哲学问题,人是一种什么样的东西
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As always with philosophy, there's more complicated versions of dualism where maybe the interaction doesn't work both ways, but let's just limit ourselves to good, old-fashioned, two-way interactionist dualism.
但由于我们在说的是哲学,二元论还持有更为复杂的观点,例如,交互作用对双方都不起作用,但就让我们限制在一个范围内较好,保守的,双向互动二元论观点
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Not just to enliven these abstract and distant books but to make clear, to bring out what's at stake in our everyday lives, including our political lives, for philosophy.
不仅是为了将这些深奥抽象的著作形象化,还为了让我们通过哲学辨明,日常生活，包括政治生活中什么才是最关键的。
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And with the arguments about the lifeboat in mind, the arguments for and against what Dudley and Stephens did in mind, let's turn back to the philosophy, the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham.
带着对救生艇上发生事件的讨论，即对达德利和斯蒂芬斯行为赞同与否的讨论，让我们再回归，杰里米·边沁的功利主义哲学。
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The Republic asks us to consider seriously, ? what would a city look like ruled by philosophers?
理想国》要我们严肃地考虑，一座由哲学家统治的城邦面貌为何？
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The Clouds was written in 423 when Socrates was in his mid-forties and the Aristophanic Socrates is essentially what we call a natural philosopher.
云》剧写于公元前423年3,当时苏格拉底约45岁,亚里斯多芬尼斯时的苏格拉底,基本上就是我们所谓的自然哲学家。
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What advice do you have for our young philosopher?
对于我们年轻的哲学家们，您有什么忠告？
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Notice that if we say that,then there's something somewhat misleading about the standard philosophical label for the problems we've been thinking about for the last couple of weeks.
如果我们这么说，那就有了对这些问题,的标准的哲学标签的误解,我们过去几周一直在思考。
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It starts by raising a certain philosophical objection to the personality theory.
首先我们对人格理论提出一种哲学上的异议。
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But that's not what the philosophers wanted us to do.
但是这不是,那些哲学家想让我们做的事
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But then, we add this extra philosophical premise.
但是随后我们加上了一个哲学性的前提
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If the body view adds the no branching principle, then we can say,look,in the case of this sort of splitting-- This example is known in the to philosophical literature as fission, like nuclear fission when a big atom splits into two.
如果肉体理论加入无分支原则，我们就能说，在这种分裂的情况下-,这种分裂在哲学文献中叫做裂变，就像原子一分为二的核裂变。
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