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It's not your horizon; it's not my horizon; it's that effective history which takes place when our horizons merge.
这不是你的视域，也不是我的视域;,而是我们的视域融合时产生的有效历史。
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No, we call that work positive work. All right, so that means we need to put a negative sign right here, by convention.
历史上有过不同的习惯，这里我们规定,如果环境对系统做功。
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And so, I'm going to talk about that after we have a better understanding of what's going on in the book.
因此我将在我们对这本书有了更好的理解之后,再谈论其历史。
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So, normally at this point, we do actually start class with a little bit of history from alchemy to modern chemistry, but I decided to skip that this year.
通常在这个时候,我们要从一些从炼金术,到现代化学的历史出发正式开始我们的课程。
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They were the antecedents of the Serfs, which we will see later on in medieval history in europe.
他们是农奴的祖先,这段历史我们在中世纪的欧洲会涉及
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Past isn't something to be glamorized to be the nostalgic about, sentimental about, because the past is gone.
过去不是用来让我们美化的,也不是让我们怀旧感伤的，因为过去了的就成了历史，消失不在了。
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Yeats's sense of his own implication in history, well, it's something that we see in the intensive, stylistic transformations that his writing undergoes.
就是叶芝对历史的想法，这就是我们看到的，他的彻底的风格上的改变,他的写作风格的改变。
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In a way, this call for that which is new is worldwide; at the same time you have Ezra Pound among the high Modernists in the West saying, "Make it new," as his slogan.
这在一定程度上引起了全球追求新奇的热潮;,在同一历史时期我们还能看到,西方后现代主义诗人埃兹拉·庞德将，让事物新奇起来，是他的口号。
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It's in recognition of what we can think of as this time- honored historical irony that Milton writes such a memorable line, a wonderful line, in his sonnet on the new Presbyterian regime.
这刚好跟我们这次所想的相应-,这个令人尊敬的历史性讽刺，弥尔顿写得如此有纪念意义，如此绝妙，在十四行诗里，他所写的新长老派的政体。
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The fourth is war, and we got peace movements in American history and anti-war fervor and ferment, of all kinds, for a very long time.
第四点是战争,我们美国历史上的和平运动,酝酿的反战情绪,诸此种种,由来已久了
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It's not that we are not enlightened, we just had a different history.
并非是我们不开化，只是我们的历史情况不同。
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There were words in there--they said something--of course, we cannot guarantee that they won't go up in value but historically they have always done it or something like that.
他们在文中吹嘘...当然,我们不能保证金币不会升值,但金币的历史行情趋势始终向上
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And one of the things I pointed out is that the people in our history, who have been the most humble, have been our Generals and our Presidents, and until this one who fought wars.
有一点我想指出的是,纵观美国历史，最为谦逊的，都是我们伟大的将军和总统们，直到现在这个好战的。
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So nevertheless, even having given you that historical example, we're going to come back and we'll look later on in the class at a model in which politicians cannot choose their positions, but, rather, you know their positions ahead of time.
尽管如此,尽管我列举了一个历史上的例子,我们还是要回到课堂上来,我们接下来要来探讨一个,政客不能自己选立场的模型,但是当然你们可以提前获知他们的立场
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The tobacco history is extremely interesting and relevant here The tobacco industry in countries like China saw the potential as well, and hence, smoking rates like rates of obesity have been skyrocketing in China and in countries such as Indonesia, Botswana, and Uruguay.
烟草的历史十分有趣,与我们这里讲的内容相关,像中国这样国家的烟草工业,也发现了这种潜在情况,因而,吸烟率就好像肥胖率那样,在中国,印度尼西亚,博茨瓦纳,乌拉圭这些国家中直线上升
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For thinkers like Tocqueville for example regimes are embedded in the deep structures of human history that have determined over long centuries the shape of our political institutions and the way we think about them.
举例来说，对于像托克维尔之类的思想家而言,政体内嵌于人类历史的结构深处,许多世纪以来决定了,我们政治机构的形态,及我们对它们的看法。
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But, as you've seen, the mythic quality of America has pushed Komfee Kabins all of that aside.So,it's not just the Komfee Kabins that we don't see; it's the whole history of slavery.
但就像你们看到的，美国的神话这一要素将,那些都推到了一旁，所以这不是我们看不见;,这涉及整个奴隶制的历史。
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We have the preamble, and the historical background to the covenant in God's summary introduction to the people in Exodus 20: "I am Yahweh who brought you out of the land of Egypt."
我们有开场白，签订契约的历史大环境,就像《出埃及记》20中上帝总结性的介绍：,“我是将你们从为奴之地领出来的耶和华“
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Yeasts suggests that we think of this historical moment as the Second Coming.
叶芝建议我们,把这个历史性的时刻,想成是第二次降临。
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It also seems to reflect the interests of the south. Remember, we talked about the fact briefly that at a certain point in Israel's history there is a division upon the death of Solomon in the late tenth century.
这似乎也反映了北方人的利益关系，还记得吗,我们简单地谈论过，在以色列历史上的某个时间,人们对所罗门在10世纪晚期的逝世,存在分歧。
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Yeats's sense of modern history, of the crisis of his moment this is something we can describe and explore next time in "Easter 1916."
叶芝对现代历史，和他所生活时代的危机的感触,我们可从下节课要读的诗,1916年的复活节,还描述和探究“
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And so, sometimes people approach it in that way, and I think in a way it holds that aura around itself in our culture and in the history of the novel in this period that we're studying together.
有时候人确实这样，我觉得这在一定程度上倒是保留了文化的气氛,以及我们学习的,关于小说这段时期的历史。
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Of course, as in all of the rest of Greek history, women are excluded from the political realm, and of course, well, I'll just leave it at that.
当然,在希腊所有其它的历史中,女性被禁止参政,这点我们以后再说
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But let's remember the South had a distinctive history.
但就让我们来回忆南方一段独特的历史吧
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So now we've said something about the economic change and something about the political change, and next hour, I'll start with the story of the military change that has so many significant consequences. Okay.
这节课我们讨论了经济变革,和政治变革,接下来,我们将会学到军队的变革,及其重要的历史意义,好的,下课
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We are the oddballs in the history of the human race, and anybody who follows our pattern, and it's important to realize that because there's nothing inevitable about the development that has come about to be characteristic of the world.
我们美国人,以及其他与我们采用同一政体的国家,是人类历史中的异类,明白这一点很重要,因为这个世界发展的规律就是,没有什么是必然的
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Where a historian might simply record events that is such a simple thing to do, but let's go with that for a moment) a historian might simply record events, however selectively or partially, ; might try to indicate cause and effect where possible; but a historiosophy is a more conscious philosophy of history.
历史学家好像仅仅记录事件，就好像,这是一件极简单的事，但我们要继续研究一下）,历史学家可能仅仅记录事件但是有选择的，部分的，可能试图在某些地方表明因果关系;,但是历史哲学家对历史中体现的哲学更明了。
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Now that's a tricky word for us because later in the semester we're going to be reading about something called the New Historicism, and the New Historicism actually has nothing to do with what Gadamer is ; objecting to in this form of historicism; so we will return to the New Historicism in that context.
这个词对我们来说比较具有迷惑性,因为这学期我们还会读到,新历史主义，新历史主义,与伽达默尔所反对的历史主义,没有任何关系;,那个时候我们再来讨论新历史主义。
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