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And in this case, the tie-breaker goes to the molecule in which the negative charge is on the most electronegative atom.
而在这种情况下，我们需要进行“附加赛“,也就是看看分子中带有负的,形式电荷的原子是不是电负性最高的。
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just because in some rare instances it's misused.
我们不能仅仅因为这种实验方法在一些情况下被滥用就完全摒弃这种方法。
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So in this case, we don't have enough energy to eject an electron, so, an electron is not ejected.
所以在这种情况下，我们没有足够的能量,去逐出一个电子，这样没有电子被逐出。
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And some of them might be spinning clockwise, in which case, according to the right-hand rule we would consider them spin-down.
而另一些电子则是在顺时针自旋，在这种情况下，根据右手定理,我们会以为它是在向下转。
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And here I've got a choice. OK, one of the ways I could do would be the following.
在这种情况的数组下,我们需要考虑考虑读取时间了。
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If we lowered the degree of synergy, what would happen to the effort level that we'd find by this method? What would happen?
如果我们降低了协同度,在这种情况下,结果会是什么样的呢
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For that purpose, to describe that displacement, we use a vector.
在这种情况下,我们就用矢量来描述位移
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Now, I think in certain circumstances it becomes necessary to overlook that unjustness, perhaps condone that injustice as in the case of the cabin boy being killed for food.
我认为在某些情况下,我们需要忽视这种不公平，容忍这种不正义,例如在救生艇里被当作食物的男孩。
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Well, it looks like it took 1 in this case or it involves-- we can put it another way, merging those two lists involved looking at two numbers, 1, 2, and that's it.
在这种情况下看起来只用了1次-,我们可以从另一个角度看，合并这两个列表涉及到了,2个数字，1，2，就是这样。
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In this case, we have an example that even markets, human institutions as they are messed up right?
在这种情况下，我们有一个例子即使在市场经济中，他们也是人为的金融机构也会出错,是这样吗？
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In this case, this particular restriction enzyme cuts symmetrically like this, but not at the same point.
在我们这种情况下,这个限制性内切酶总是这样对称地切割,但两条链切割的位点不一样
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This would be? Well let's think through this in one additional way and that is--notice that in duple meter we have a strong beat, right "Strong, weak, strong, weak, strong, weak, strong weak" in that sense or if we have triple it would be "Strong, weak, weak, strong, weak, weak."
是什么呢,我们用另一种方式来想,这个,你们知道二拍子,有很强的鼓点,对吧,强,弱,强,弱,强,弱,强,弱,那在这种情况下如果我们拿一段三拍子,那就会是,强,弱,弱,强,弱,弱
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If the body view adds the no branching principle, then we can say,look,in the case of this sort of splitting-- This example is known in the to philosophical literature as fission, like nuclear fission when a big atom splits into two.
如果肉体理论加入无分支原则，我们就能说，在这种分裂的情况下-,这种分裂在哲学文献中叫做裂变，就像原子一分为二的核裂变。
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And then we'll be able to in a very w straightforward way get w.
在这种情况下我们可以容易地,得到△U，然后我们就能直接得到。
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Because here what we have is some atom that we're studying, in the case, it's going to be a gas, and we hit it with a photon that has some incident energy.
因为这里我们要研究的是一些原子,在这种情况下，一般是气态的，然后我们令一个,具有一定初始能量的光子打上去。
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So, in this case, we see that our formal charge is negative on the nitrogen, in this case it's negative on oxygen.
那么，在这种情况下，我们看到氮的形式电荷是负的，而在这种情况下，氧的是负的。
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So this is a case where we have resonance structures, or we call this a resonance hybrid.
因此在这种情况下我们就有了共振结构，或者我们叫它共振杂化。
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There are all kinds of different ways of bombarding, in this case, hydrogen gas.
有各种各样不同的方法进行轰炸，在这种情况下，我们用氢气。
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And he actually did this in the late 1800's, back before even all of the elements that we know today were discovered, really only about 60% or so, 70% were discovered then that we now know today.
他最终在十九世纪晚期完成了这一壮举，难能可贵的是,虽然我们现在已经发现了所有的元素，但在当时已知的元素只有我们现在知道,百分之六七十，在这种情况下。
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And in this case we have three choices here in terms of what's going to be in the middle, so we need to decide that first.
而这种情况下对于哪个原子,在中间我们有三种选择，这是我们首先要确定的。
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So we end up having 26 valence electrons that we're dealing with here.
那么我们总共有二十六个价电子,在这种情况下。
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We don't actually have much charge separation in this case here.
我们在这种情况下其实没有很多电荷分开。
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So, in fact, yes, we did confirm that these covalent bond, at least in the case of hydrogen, we have confirmed by the numbers that we are at a lower energy state when we talk about the bonded atom versus the individual atom.
因此，事实上，是的，我们证实了共价键，至少在氢这种情况下，我们通过数据证实了,成键的原子处于能量更低的状态,当其与单个的原子相对比时。
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But actually there is a little bit of an energy cost into doubling up into a single orbital, because, of course, it takes energy when you create more electron repulsion, that's not something we want to do, but we have to do it here, and it turns out that that effect predominates over, again, the energy that we gain by increasing the atomic number by one.
但实际上，在一个轨道上放两个电子,确实会亏损一点能量，因为，当你加入更多电子，引起更大的排斥能,这显然会消耗能量，这不是我们想要做的，但是在这种情况下我们不得不做，结果这一影响，超过了增加一个,原子序数所得到的能量。
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In this case we have a double bond between a and b, and in this case we have it between b and c.
在这种情况下，我们在，A，与，B，之间有一个双键，而在这种情况下，双键在，B，与，C，之间。
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If we look at our last structure here where we have nitrogen the middle, we can also figure out all those formal charges, and in this case we have plus 1 on the nitrogen, we have minus 2 on the carbon, and then we end up with a 0 on the sulfur there.
如果我们来看看最后一个结构,在中间的原子是氮，我们同样可以计算出所有的形式电荷，而在这种情况下，氮为正一，碳为负二，而最后硫为零。
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If m is equal to 0, in this case we would call it the p z orbital, z so we would have the subscript z here.
如果m等于0，这种情况下,我们叫它pz轨道，我们在这里有下标。
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sb So in this case we would have 1 s a and 1 s b, and instead we would subtract one from the other, and what we would see is that instead of having additional, more wave function in the middle here, we've actually cancelled out the wave function and we end up with a node.
在这种情况下我们有1sa和，两者相减，我们可以看到不是在，中间有了额外更多的波函数，而是我们消掉了,波函数得到一个节点。
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