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We can talk about the wave function squared, the probability density, or we can talk about the radial probability distribution.
我们可以讨论它,波函数的平方，概率密度，或者可以考虑它的径向概率分布。
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And, this is how I'm doing now in relationship to what we're currently discussing or evaluating or experiencing.
这也可以表达我手头正在做的事情与我们正在讨论、评价或者经历的事情之间的联系。
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Electron affinity is actually the ability of an atom, or we could also talk about an ion to gain electrons.
电子亲和能其实就是一个原子，或者我们也可以讨论离子获取电子的能力。
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You can put a variable there, and because it's not encapsulated in curly braces, as we just discussed, that essentially means it's accessible everywhere in that file.
你可以加入一个变量，因为它不是封装在花括号里，就像我们刚才讨论的，本质的意思是它可以在文件的所有地方,都可以被访问到。
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If you could email me if you're interested in coming, so we can have a good size group and a discussion.
如果你们有兴趣参与请发邮件给我,这样我们可以组成一个小组进行讨论
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We've been talking about the question, What arguments might be offered for the existence of a soul?
我们一直在讨论这样一个问题,用什么论证可以证明灵魂的存在
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And we can talk about that? -Sure. We could do that.
然后我们可以讨论一些，-好的。，–
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Maybe you want to argue it and we could have a discussion, but it might mean that American democracy, or democracy of any kind, helps to produce a particular kind of democratic soul.
也许你想争辩，果真如此,我们可以另作讨论，但那也许意谓着,美式民主，或任何一种民主，协助产生了,特定种类的民主灵魂。
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Now, remember we talked about these last time, voltage-gated channels are channels that would allow the passage of sodium, in this case, but they can exist in two states, a closed state and an open state.
还记得我们上节课讨论过的吧,电压门控通道是,一种可以容许钠离子通过的通道,在这一例子中 电压门控通道有两种状态,关闭状态和开放状态
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Before you go though, let's just think about it a second, so you can think about it and talk about it at home, so what we just saw was an election in which we saw two candidates, Jean and Claire Elise, who both stood very close to each other.
在你们走之前,再思考一下,这样你们可以在家里思考并讨论,我们刚刚看到的是一个选举,在其中我们看到了两个候选人,吉恩和克莱尔·伊莉斯,她们离得非常近
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And if you go into the library you could find books on topics that we are discussing here, and you could read on your own.
如果你们进去图书馆，你们可以,找到很多关于我们在这讨论的话题的书，你们可以自己读一读。
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But it's interesting to go a little further and think actually about what the concept means and where it comes from.
我们可以讨论得更深入些,想想这个概念的真正意义和它的来源
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du We can talk about du for the system well, w that's q plus w.
我们可以讨论它的，等于q加。
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but it can mean two very different things, so let's talk about this.
但它可以表达两种非常不同的意思。下面我们来讨论一下。
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So, one we finish our discussion of how we think about multi-electron atoms, we can go right on and start talking about these other things.
一旦我们结束了,多电子原子的讨论,我们马上就可以,开始讨论这些问题。
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But, in fact, we can also talk about the ionization energy of different states of the hydrogen atom or of any atom.
但实际上我们也可以讨论氢原子,或者其它任何原子的其它能级的电离能。
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So, what we can do instead of talking about the ionization energy, z because that's one of our known quantities, so that we can find z effective.
我们做的事可以代替讨论电离能,因为那是我们知道的量子数之一，那是我们可以解出有效的，如果我们重新排列这个方程。
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- So in fact, if you want a super long number -- -- let me go ahead and reopen this program -- long you could declare long.
所以事实上，如果你需要一个超级长的数字-,让我们继续重新讨论这个问题-,你可以声明。
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You know from our discussion last time that these two complimentary strands are not mirror images of one another, they're not identical, they're complimentary.
从我们上次的讨论中可以得知,这两段互补序列并非互为镜像,它们并非相同,而是互补的
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The point is just if I can at least imagine the one thing without the other, they must in fact be two separate things.
我们要讨论的是,至少如果我可以想象,某物独立于另一物存在,那么它们就肯定彼此不同
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All right, so now we can move on to the start of today's notes, which is atomic radius.
好，现在我们可以开始讨论今天的讲义了，从原子半径开始。
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We can think of it in the same type of way when we're talking about actual reactions happening.
我们在讨论一个真实反应的时候,也可以从这个观点出发来进行分析。
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And what we can do is we can also use the Schrodinger equation to make these accurate predictions for any other atom that we want to talk about in the periodic table.
我们能做的是,我们可以使用,薛定谔方程去做一些,关于我们想要讨论的元素周期表,中任何一个原子的预测。
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So, we can look at other radial probability distributions of other wave functions that we talked about.
我们可以来看一看我们讨论过的,其它一些波函数的径向概率分布。
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For example, we can talk about nitrogen, and nitrogen has five valence electrons shown here.
例如，我们可以讨论氮原子，氮原子有5个价电子。
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We can also talk about anti-bonding orbitals where we have destructive interference.
我们也可以讨论,相消干涉的反键轨道。
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So, for example, we have this average level, and then it can go high where we have the peak, or it can go very low. We can also discuss sound waves, so again it's just the periodic variation of some property -- in this case we're talking about density, so we have high density areas and low density areas.
例如这是平均位置，在峰的位置水位高，在谷水位低，我们也可以,讨论声波它也是某种,量的周期变化，在这里我们,讨论的是密度,我们有高密度区和低密度区。
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We don't always want to go and solve the Schrodinger equation, and in fact, once we start talking about molecules, I can imagine none of you, as much as you love math or physics, want to be trying to solve this Schrodinger equation in that case either. So, what Lewis structures allow us to do is over 90% of the time be correct in terms of figuring out what the electron configuration is.
我们并不想每次都去解薛定谔方程，而且实际上，一旦我们开始讨论分子，我可以想象,你们中没有一个人，不管你有多么热爱数学或物理，会想去解这种情况下的薛定谔方程,总之，路易斯结构能让我们,有超过，90%，的概率判断出正确的,电子排布。
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The other thing that I want to do today is try to tie this discussion on vaccines a little bit more closely with what we talked about last week, in terms of what happens inside your body when you receive a vaccine or when you're exposed to an antigen, and how the immune system actually responds to that.
还有就是,我希望可以,把今天关于疫苗的讨论,与我们上周讲过的内容,结合得更紧密一些,当接种疫苗,或者是接触抗原时,人体将会发生怎样的变化,以及免疫系统对疫苗产生何种应答
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And when we make these comparisons, one thing I want to point out is that we need to keep the constant principle quantum number constant, so we're talking about a certain state, so we could talk about the n equals 2 state, or the n equals 3 state.
当我们做这些比较时，我想指出的一件事是,我们需要保持常量原则,保持量子数是常数，所以我们在讨论一个确定的态时，我们可以谈论n等于2的态，或者n等于3的态。
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