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When we consider the particular circumstances that occasioned the poem Lycidas, we can see why Milton, I think, chose this pastoral form.
当我们把引发的创作的,特有的情况考虑进去，我们可以发现弥尔顿选择这种田园诗派的原因。
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So we can have four total hydrogens bonding here, - and we can think about how to describe these carbon- carbon bonds.
我们这里一共有四个氢原子成键，我们可以考虑怎么来-,描述碳碳键。
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Because that will take care of all of the electrons that are capable of reacting, none of the inner shell electrons.
因为那样我们可以考虑到,除内层电子以外，所有可以发生反应的电子。
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For most of us, we can go up to three dimensions because we know we live in a three-dimensional world.
对于大多数人来说,我们最多可以考虑三维,因为我们生活在一个三维世界
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And so with this example here, I thought I'd propose that we consider exactly how you'd go about tackling something like this.
有了这个例子，我想我们可以,考虑一下应该如何下手,解决这样的问题。
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If you think back to the previous graph that I showed you about race, you can see how there will be an interaction of race and gender.
回想一下上一幅图,种族与代谢综合征的关系图,我们就可以将种族与性别结合考虑
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We still have some things to consider.
我们还可以考虑其他物品。
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So we need something more and the kind of things we can see more: we can think about contracts; we can think about treaties between countries; we can think about regulation.
我们需要跳出这个思维定势,我们可以考虑制定协约,我们可以考虑各国之间签订协约,我们可以考虑制定规章制度
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We don't have to just stick with carbon, we can think about describing other types of atoms as well using this hybridization.
我们不用局限于碳，我们可以考虑利用杂化轨道,描述其它类型的原子。
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So we can think about now doing bonding, and now we have four equal orbitals with one electronic each.
我们现在可以考虑成键了，现在我们有4个等价的轨道，每个上面有1个电子。
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I'm an organic chemist, so I love carbon, it's one of my favorite atoms to talk about, but it would be nice to get to the point of bonding and even reactions to talk about all the exciting things we can think about once we're at that point.
我是个有机化学家，我喜欢碳原子，这是我最喜欢谈论的原子之一，但我更喜欢讲成键,甚至化学反应的概念,一旦到了这之后,我们就可以考虑各种激动人心的事情。
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So we can think about something I mentioned last time, which is when we're thinking about chemistry and what's really interesting in terms of chemical reactions, it's mostly valence electrons we're talking about, those are the ones that tend to be involved in chemical reactions.
我们可以考虑一下我上次提到过的一件事，那就是如果我们讨论化学,以及什么是化学反应中,真正令人感兴趣的东西，我们讨论的几乎都是价电子，它们才是在化学反应中,真正起作用的部分。
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We can also think about the distance, the bond distance. So, which would you say is going to be shorter in this case?
我们还可以考虑一下距离，键的距离那么，大家认为其中哪一个键会更短一些？
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Again we can look at this in terms of thinking about a picture this way, in terms of drawing the wave function out on an axis.
同样我们可以,用这个图像来考虑，从画轴上的波函数来考虑。
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So now that we can do this, we can compare and think about, we know how to consider wave functions for individual electrons in multi-electron atoms using those Hartree orbitals or the one electron wave approximations.
现在我们可以做这些了，我们可以对比和考虑，我们知道如何用哈特里轨道,或者单电子波近似去考虑,多电子原子中的单个电子波函数,所以对于我们研究了。
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So, basically what we're saying is if we take any shell that's at some distance away from the nucleus, we can think about what the probability is of finding an electron at that radius, and that's the definition we gave to the radial probability distribution.
本质上我们说的就是,如果我们在距离原子核,某处取一个壳层，我们可以考虑在这个半径处,发现电子的概率，这就是我们给出的,径向概率密度的定义。
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So, what we say here is we need to take a step back here and come up with an approximation that's going to allow us to think about using the Schrodinger equation when we're not just talking about hydrogen or one electron, but when we have these multi-electron atoms.
所有我们这里要说的是,我们需要退回一步,做一个近似,那样可以使我们用,薛定谔方程来考虑,让我们不是仅仅在讨论氢原子或者,一个电子的时候，而是多个电子的原子。
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Alright. So, since we have these terms defined, we know the frequency and the wavelength, it turns out we can also think about the speed of the wave, and specifically of a light wave, and speed and is just equal to the distance that's traveled divided by the time the elapsed.
好了，我们已经定义了，这些术语，我们知道了，频率和波长，现在可以来考虑,波的速度了，特别是光波的速度，速度等于它走过的距离,除以所用的时间，因为我们。
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We will always have r equals zero in these radial probability distribution graphs, and we can think about why that is.
在这些径向概率分布图里,总有ｒ等于０处，我们可以考虑为什么会这样。
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So we can see if we look at the probability density plot, we can see there's a place where the probability density of is actually going to be zero.
就能看到,有些地方，找到一个电子的,概率密度,我们可以考虑。
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All right. So now that we have a general idea of what we're talking about with shielding, we can now go back and think about why it is that the orbitals are ordered in the order that they are.
现在我们对于谈论的屏蔽,有一个整体观点了，我们现在可以回过头来考虑,为什么轨道是按照,那种规则排列的。
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So, let's look at another example of thinking about whether we get an answer out that's reasonable.
来考虑是否我们,可以得出一个合理的答案。
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So, therefore, we can rewrite our equation in two ways. One is just talking about it in terms only of energy where our kinetic energy here is going to be equal to the total energy going in -- the energy initial minus this energy of the work function here.
所以我们可以把方程,写成两种形式，一个是,只考虑能量，动能等于总的,入射能量-初始能量减去,功函数的能量，我们如果想解决,比方说，我们想知道。
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So, there are 2 different things that we can compare when we're comparing graphs of radial probability distribution, and the first thing we can do is think about well, how does the radius change, or the most probable radius change when we're increasing n, when we're increasing the principle quantum number here?
当比较这些径向概率分布图,的时候，我们可以比较两个东西，第一个就是考虑当我们增加ｎ,当我们增加主量子数的时候，半径怎么变，最可能半径怎么变化？
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We can also take a look the 3 s, which we have looked at before, and we figured out that that should have two radial nodes.
我们也可以考虑下3s轨道，我们之前看过它了，而且知道它有两个径向节点。
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We said, "Let's take, for the simplest case that we can possibly imagine, namely a particle moving in one dimension along the x-axis with a constant acceleration a.
我们说过,"考虑我们可以想象的最简单的情况,即质点在一维空间运动,沿着 x 轴且保持恒定加速度 a
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So what I want to tell you is we also always get the same bond order if we instead only deal with the valence electrons.
我想要说的是我们如果,只考虑价电子也可以得到相同的键序。
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So, we can think about now how do we describe this bond in valence bond theory.
我们现在可以考虑,怎么在价电子成键理论中描述这个键。
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So again, we can think about the probability density in terms of squaring the wave function.
同样的，我们可以把,波函数平方考虑概率密度。
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