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But we can use equations that describe waves to describe matter, and that's what we're going to be doing today.
但我们可以用描述波的方程,来描述物质，这就是我们今天要做的。
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Let's look at how these two different ways can be used and expressed by the same pattern.
下面我们来看看这同一个句型怎样可以用和表达这两种不同的用法。
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It allows you to define the concept of a thermometer. You have three objects, one of them could be a thermometer.
从热的物体流向冷的物体,由此我们可以定义温度，我们还可以用它来定义温度计：
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We could use the name of a genre, and I'll be talking a lot about genre in this course.
我们可以用某种音乐风格描述它,本课程中,我将会谈到很多音乐风格
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Again we can look at this in terms of thinking about a picture this way, in terms of drawing the wave function out on an axis.
同样我们可以,用这个图像来考虑，从画轴上的波函数来考虑。
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We can spend late hours rendering something and then have a go-by in thirty seconds.
我们可以用后来的时间,对一些东西做艺术处理,然后跳过这三十秒。
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We are bodies that are... well, here's a word for it: We're bodies that are people.
我们是一些,用一个词可以总结,我们是被称作人类的肉体
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Another way of saying it is, we want to give you the skill so that you can make the computer do what you want it to do.
换一种说法就是，我们想赋予你一种能力,以让你可以用计算机,做你想做的任何事。
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But out of the box, you generally just get these so-called "primitives."
但是立即可以用的，我们通常只有这些所谓的“基本数据类型“
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So this application is not as important as soccer, but it's a bit more Economicsy, so I can justify it under the Economics title of the class.
虽然接下来的案例不如足球那么重要,不过它们都是经济学案例,所以我们可以用经济学的知识来解读
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That suggests, now, if you think about this even highly simplified lifecycle, suggests some other ways that we might use kind of modern technologies to engineer new vaccines.
那说明了,如果你,思考下这个高度简化的生命周期,那里隐含着其它一些突破口,即我们可以用某种现代技术,来构建新型疫苗
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We could do it with a neutron.
我们可以用中子来做。
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And we think the brain activation, we can use that to predict financial choice, but beyond that, we can actually use it in some symptom profiles in mental disorders.
我们认为，我们可以通过大脑活动，来预测金融决策，但不仅如此，我们还可以用它来监测精神疾病的病情。
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And there's an evolutionary explanation for your generosity towards kin.
我们可以用进化论解释,人为什么会对亲属慷慨。
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You can do that, but we like to get the answer the way this gentleman described it, because we like to get an answer more readily than by doing the mundane work.
你可以那样做,但是我们喜欢,用这位同学所说的方法来得到结果,因为我们喜欢更简洁地获得结果,而不是通过繁琐的计算
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We have expected value, mean or average.
我们可以用期望值,或者是平均值
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As we do these little clicker poll things you can tell me if you find it helpful or not, then we can decide how to continue --whether to continue them in the future.
我们用表决器做这个小测试的同时,大家可以告诉我你们觉得这有没有帮助,然后我们再决定以后是否继续用
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But we can do this, generally, by using what are called Maxwell relations.
但是现在我们可以用所谓的麦克斯韦关系,来做到这一点。
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We'll coordinate it better this way and just conduct this in three.
我们这样可以更好地配合,用三拍子指挥
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So, what we know is happening is that were having transitions from some excited states to a more relaxed lower, more stable state in the hydrogen atom.
我们知道，这里所发生的是,氢原子从激发态到更低更稳定的态的跃迁，而我们用眼睛可以探测到的。
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So now that we can do this, we can compare and think about, we know how to consider wave functions for individual electrons in multi-electron atoms using those Hartree orbitals or the one electron wave approximations.
现在我们可以做这些了，我们可以对比和考虑，我们知道如何用哈特里轨道,或者单电子波近似去考虑,多电子原子中的单个电子波函数,所以对于我们研究了。
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So if we think about the work function for zinc, and the work function for zinc is 6.9 times 10 to the -19 joules, do we expect that when we shine our UV light on the zinc, we'll be able to eject electrons?
如果我们考虑锌的功函数,它是6，9乘以10的-19次方焦耳，我们是否可以预测当,用紫外灯照射锌时，我们可以射出电子呢？
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So, what we say here is we need to take a step back here and come up with an approximation that's going to allow us to think about using the Schrodinger equation when we're not just talking about hydrogen or one electron, but when we have these multi-electron atoms.
所有我们这里要说的是,我们需要退回一步,做一个近似,那样可以使我们用,薛定谔方程来考虑,让我们不是仅仅在讨论氢原子或者,一个电子的时候，而是多个电子的原子。
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Since then, since we know about atoms and molecules now, we can rationalize the concepts of thermodynamics using microscopic properties, 62 and if you are going to take 5.62, that's what you'd learn about.
既然我们现在已经知道了原子和分子,的概念），我们可以用,微观属性,来阐释热力学中的概念，如果你会选修5。,-那是你将要学到的。
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We can do this using magnetic resonance imagers.
现在，我们用核磁共振成像仪就可以做到。
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Here's an example where we'd like to make insulin, or having the insulin gene would be useful, but if we could take the insulin gene and make many copies of the insulin protein that would be a very useful thing.
例子就是我们人工制造胰岛素,胰岛素基因就很有用,但如果我们可以用胰岛素基因,复制很多胰岛素蛋白,这将会是非常有裨益的一件事
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The other pathway that I think is very promising is now to use stem cell generated cells in culture dishes to use them for high throughput drug screening now we can test thousands of different drugs without killing so many animals.
第二个目标的前景相当广阔,我们可以用干细胞,在培养皿中大量繁殖各种细胞,用于大剂量的药物试验,让你无需屠戮动物,就能进行各种药物试验。
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if you don't want to use that, you can also derive it as we did every time, it should intuitively make sense how we got there. But the exams are pretty short, so we don't want you doing that every time, so we'll save the 2 minutes and give you the equations directly, but it's still important to know how to use them.
吸收的和发射的，如果你不想用公式,你也可以每次都向我们这样推导它,很直观的就能得到结果，但考试时间很短，我们不希望你们每次都推导,所以我们会直告诉你，让你节省2分钟，但知道如何应用它十分重要。
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We can write out what it is for any certain atom or ion x, X so it's just x plus an electron gives us x minus.
我们可以用，X，来表示一个任意的原子或离子，因此可以写成，X，加一个电子等于负一价的。
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So it turns out with printf you can actually control those kinds of aesthetics as well.
所以我们用printf也可以控制这种,打印结果的美观性。
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