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A capability for asymmetric division and the production of cells that become differentiating more mature cells, those are properties of stem cells.
能够完成不对称分裂,以及产生细胞,并分化成为一些更成熟的细胞,这些是干细胞的性质
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These are cells that I that were obtained either from a more developed embryo, past the blastocyst stage.
这些细胞是我从,发育的更成熟的一些胚胎中提取的,这些胚胎已经过了囊胚期了
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The other property is that these committed progenitor cells that are formed can turn into something, can turn into more mature cell types.
另一个的性质就是成为定向祖细胞,进而形成某种特定细胞,成为更成熟的细胞形式
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When cells become more like cells of the mature brain they're said to differentiate into brain cells.
当细胞变得越来越像成熟的脑细胞的时候,我们就称其为分化成了脑细胞
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That's just an example of a cell that in its very mature or differentiated form is quite different from other cells inside the body.
以上就是一个,分化成熟的细胞,区别于体内其它细胞的范例
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As division happens and the developing organism acquires more and more cells, individual cells become differentiated, they become more and more like their final mature form.
分裂过程不断发生,以及发育中的有机体对更多细胞的需求,细胞个体便逐渐分化,它们越来越接近成熟细胞的样子
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What's different from an immature cell and a mature cell?
不成熟细胞和成熟细胞间的差异是什么
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A progenitor cell, the definition, it just means it can generate the cells that are typical of that tissue or that organ, so it's capable of becoming these mature classes of cells.
祖细胞的定义就是,它能产生那个器官或者组织内的,所有的典型细胞,所以它可以成为那一类的成熟细胞
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Cells that are within the region that becomes the nervous system become less like the zygote and more like the cells of our brain, neurons and glia, and cells of the mature brain.
位于神经发育区中的细胞,变得越来越不像受精卵,而像脑细胞,神经细胞或神经胶质细胞等等,这些成熟的脑组织中细胞
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That process of maturation is called differentiation.
这种细胞成熟的过程称为分化
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It's harder to find, they're more limited numbers, and in general, more difficult until eventually down this pathway you have fully differentiated cells, cells that are fully mature and performing the function of the mature organ.
不过找起来更困难,因为它们数量稀少而且通常很难定位,在分化的终末阶段,你可以看到完全分化的细胞,这些细胞完全成熟,在成熟的器官中发挥功能
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The other one is a committed progenitor cell that now somehow has been changed in such a way that it's going to mature and develop into non-stem cells or the cells that make up our bodies, somatic cells.
而另一个子细胞就通过某种变化,成了定向的祖细胞,并将成熟和发育为非干细胞的细胞,就是构成我们身体的细胞,体细胞
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Those B-cells also mature, they differentiate and that's what's shown on this slide here is the differentiation of those immature B-cells into mature B-cells.
这些B细胞也会变成熟,并且进行分化,这都展示在幻灯片上了,未成熟的B细胞分化为成熟的B细胞
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They become activated and they produce, eventually, mature cytotoxic T-cells in large numbers.
细胞毒性T细胞活化后,开始增殖,最终,产生大量成熟的细胞毒性T细胞
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That's shown here, a B-cell gets stimulated, matures into an antibody producing factory.
这里展示的是,当一个B细胞被激活,分化成熟为一个生成抗体的工厂
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Now, these Th-cells, helper T-cells, go on to stimulate B-cells, and it's these B-cells that become the mature antibody producing cells that make quantities of antibody that fill up in your body.
这些辅助性T细胞,进一步刺激B淋巴细胞,从而使这些B淋巴细胞,逐渐发育成成熟的抗体生成细胞,可在体内产生大量抗体
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What do immature B-cells do?
未成熟的B细胞都在做什么呢
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