If both firms behave that way, prices will get driven down towards marginal cost and industry profits will suffer.

如果双方都采取这种策略,那么价格将会下降到边际成本,行业利润将会遭受损失

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So already, just from Firm 2's production the price has been driven all the way down to costs.

这样公司2的产量会,导致价格下降直到成本价格

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

That's certainly true, okay. So that's true, so as it pushes me below cost, that's certainly true.

那是当然的,那是正确的,会导致我的价格低于成本,那当然是正确的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So the other guy is pricing below costs, the way which I avoid making losses is to set my price above his price.

所以另一家公司定价低于成本,我想要避免损失的方法是,将我的价格设定得比它高

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

In particular, they'll be lower here than costs and so you'll make losses on that product.

这种情况下,价格会低于成本,你越生产越赔钱

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

In particular, we find that prices in the market are equal to marginal cost.

特别是,我们发现这个市场下的价格等于边际成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

You want it, your price, to be at or above cost.

你希望你的价格,等于或大于成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Pepsi's pricing exactly at marginal cost, what's my best response?

百事将价格精确地设定在边际成本,我的最佳对策是什么

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

I could price at marginal cost as well.

我也将价格设定在边际成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

All right, so if the other guy is pricing above costs, I want to set prices below his so that I steal the whole of the market and make profits on those sales.

正确,如果对手定价比成本高,我就想定价比他的价格低,这样我就可以占领整个市场,并获得销售利润

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It's going to be pushed below costs.

产品价格会被压到成本以下

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

To price at marginal cost as well.

也将价格设定在边际成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

I won't bother to write it separately for Firm 2, it's going to be the quantity it sells times the price it gets for that quantity, minus that quantity it sells times the cost it incurs in producing that quantity.

我不用另外写公司2的收益了,收益是销量,乘以对应的价格,减去销量乘以产品,的生产成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It's going to be that if my preferred beer flavor is here say, this is me, my preferred beer flavor is here, then if I end up having to consume Guinness, I have to pay the price of Guinness and I also incur some costs because Guinness isn't the perfect beer for me, it's a little bit too strong.

它变成,如果我喜爱的啤酒味道,如果是我的话,我喜欢的啤酒味道在这,然后如果我最后不得不选择吉尼斯,我必须要支付吉尼斯的价格并且,我还会支出一些成本,因为吉尼斯不是我最爱的啤酒,它太强了

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Well, one thing that goes wrong is that suppose Coke and Pepsi were able to either to write a contract or whatever to sustain joint monopoly output at this high price, this price which is actually producing positive profits in the industry it is going to turn out, therefore the price is going to be above costs.

我来说吧,问题出在这里了,假设可口可乐和百事达成了协议,不管签的是协议还是合同,只要能通过协约维持垄断产出,通过制定高价来达到正的利润就行,这样价格是高于成本的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

At C okay, so the Nash Equilibrium here, the Nash Equilibrium is for both firms to set their prices equal to marginal cost.

价格定在C,好的,所以这里的纳什均衡,纳什均衡是两家公司都把它们的价格,设定在边际成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So I'll be producing this stuff, this water at cost c and only getting p, which is not only less than c in return.

这就导致成本是c的瓶装水只能卖到p,这个价格都不能捞回本钱呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So again, for Firm 1 it's the quantity it sells times the price, This is its revenue, minus the quantity it sells times C, the cost, this is his cost.

再次,公司1的收益是其销量乘以价格,即,收入,减销量乘以C,它的成本

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选