It's always worth asking yourself what a line of poetry that is as aggressively unpleasant as this one is doing in a poem.

你需要不断的问自己，一句让人感到被侵犯，不悦的诗,正如这里的这句，到底想要表达什么。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

Now we will never know, and don't let anyone ever suggest to you that you will ever know, what Milton could possibly mean by this deliberately perplexing image of the two-handed engine at the door.

我们永远不会知道,弥尔顿在这句描写门边的双手引擎的,刻意的意象叠加里想要表达什么。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选

You prove to your teacher that you understand the authors by being able to put their meaning in other words -in other words, to say the author is intending to say something, not just that the text says something and this is what it says, with your exam then being one long screed of quotation.

你们用自己的话写出文章的含义,以此向老师证明你们理解作者的意图,换句话说，要告诉老师作者想表达什么，而不仅仅是文本说的什么内容，然后在试卷上来一大段,冗长的引用。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选