And if you do that over the fullness of time, your reinforcement and punishment will give rise to a pig who walks forward.

如果你长时间的这么做，你的强化和惩罚,就会使这头猪形成向前走的行为。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So, you reinforce the pig for walking forward and you punish the pig for walking backward.

那你就对这头猪向前走的行为给予强化,如果它向后退，你就惩罚它。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Crimes in the one realm cannot be compensated by punishment in the other realm. A crime in the realm of life/personal injury has to be compensated in the same realm. In the same way property crimes are not punished by death.

一个领域内的犯罪行为不能通过另一个领域的,惩罚来补偿，造成人身伤害的罪行必须在,同一领域内偿还，同样地，财产犯罪,不能被处以死刑。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

It's not merely a negative thing the way I think modern ideas about law, as for instance, represented in the American Constitution are, which is to say, its function is to prevent wrong doing, to punish wrong doing.

我的理解是,这里的法律,不仅仅指当今的法律条款,比如美国宪法所代表的那些内容,也就是,行使防范错误行为,以及惩罚错误行为的职能

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

So this could be summarized as the law of effect, which is a tendency to perform an action's increased if rewarded, weakened if it's not.

这种行为上的变化被称之为效果律，也就是说，行为倾向随奖励而增加，随惩罚而减少。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

Some desires are inappropriate, some actions are wrong, and you're punished for it.

有些欲望是不适当的，有些行为是错的，你会因此而受到惩罚。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So for an example, he argued that the prison system needs to be reformed because instead of focusing on notions of justice and retribution what we should do is focus instead on questions of reinforcing good behaviors and punishing bad ones.

举个例子，他认为监狱体系需要改革,因为人们不应关注公正与赎罪,而应当去关注对良好行为的强化,以及对不良行为的惩罚。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选