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The inner electrons are so tightly bound that they are for all intents and purposes, immobilized when it comes to reactivity.
内部电子被紧紧地束缚着,因此无论怎样，当进行反应时，它都是固定的。
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Whereas we all know that the universe is of a certain kind-- -- we can't even call it Copernican anymore-- poetry has this odd preference for Ptolemaic astronomy.
虽然我们都知道宇宙是怎样的-,现在即使哥白尼的理论也不完全正确了-,但是诗歌偏爱托勒密的宇宙观。
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Each of these firms is trying to maximize profits, but how about the total profit in the industry?
每一家公司都尽力实现利润最大化,可整个行业总利润是怎样计算的呢
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So, let's consider some people got it wrong, however, and let's see where that wrong answer might have come from, or actually, more importantly, let's see how we can all get to the correct answer.
我们来考虑一下为什么有些人做错了，然而我们来看看,这个错误的答案从何而来，或者事实上更重要的，我们来看看怎样才能都得到正确答案。
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What if every campus in America had what Princeton has which is an Interfaith Council?
如果美国的每一所大学都像普林斯顿大学,所设的跨信仰委员会将会怎样？
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I think,as far as I can see,that the claim we all die alone, however we interpret it,just ends up being implausible or false.
在我看来，说我们全都会孤独而死，无论怎样解释都是不合理的，错误的。
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First of all, cannibalism, I believe, is morally incorrect so you shouldn't be eating human anyway.
首先，我认为食人有违伦理,你不管怎样都不该吃人。
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So how are we to account for the diversification of languages, the spread of different ethnic linguistic groups throughout the lands of the earth if we all come from one common creative moment, one common ancestor?
所以，如果我们都起源于同一个时刻，来源于,同一个祖先，那又要怎样解释语言的多样性，怎样解释,使用不同语言的族群遍布地球上的所有土地,这一现象呢？
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Whatever the rules were before, they're off when we get into the Peloponnesian War.
无论以前的规则是怎样的,在伯罗奔尼撒战争中都不再合时宜
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Because these things are unpaired, we have already seen how unpaired electrons play a role in the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
因为它们都是未成对的，我们已经发现,在Stern-Gerlach实验中,未成对电子扮演怎样一个角色了。
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But let's just think out loud about what these places had in common, and what this tells you about social structure and political outcomes in early modern Europe.
我们先来想想这些国家都有什么共同点,我们又能从中发现这些对于早期欧洲的,社会结构和政治成效又有着怎样的解读
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And so this begs the question, even in the context of these cups, how can we possibly do better if at the end of the day in order to figure out if two cups or if two people or if two ints inside of an array are bigger or smaller than one another it feels like we have to do this comparison work anyway.
这样就回避了问题的实质,从这些杯子的相互关系来看，我们怎样才能更有效地,找出序列中比其他元素,都大或都小的两个杯子，两个人，两个数,看起来我们无论如何都得,做比较的工作。
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In the second half of the twentieth century and up now into the twenty-first century, writers were thinking very hard about what to do stylistically with all the innovations that come in that powerful period known as modernism.
自二十世纪下半叶,直至现今二十一世纪,作家都在努力思考在现代主义影响,深远的这个时期里该怎样进行文体上的创新。
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These results are surprising and disturbing and I said there is work to be done at an individual and group level and this young man challenged me to be more explicit about that.
这些结果都出乎意料，而且让人不安,我说过个人和群体都要下功夫,这位同学要我明确地说怎样下功夫。
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Each of us contains these two warring, you might say, elements within us, both self-assertion and fear of the consequence of self-assertion. The question is for Hobbes, ? how do we tame these passions?
我们每个人都有这两种，矛盾的元素，即对自负之结果的自负和恐惧,对霍布斯来说，这个问题就是，我们怎样控制情绪？
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You might not want to know all of it and that's a really complicated question for an individual to figure out and a complicated question for society to figure out, what you want to make of available in the regard.
你不想什么都知道,这是个十分复杂的问题,无论是对个人,还是对社会都是如此,我们应该怎样控制它的使用范围
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In any event, this is some interesting research opportunity, so again, no obligation, you don't have to do this, I won't even know if you are or not, but I just thought I would present these in the case you might find them interesting things to do.
不管怎样,这都是些不错的研究机会,不过不是强制的,我甚至都不知道你们参加与否,不过我还是会把这些放在这里,这样大家可能会找到一些有趣的事情去做
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The question when we see exceptions, whether it's the Lykken and Tellegen study, not all twins were the same, the question is no longer whether or not change is possible, but rather how is change possible.
当我们看到了例外，无论是在Lykken和Tellegen的研究，当发现不是所有的双胞胎都一样，已不再是，改变是否有可能，而是怎样实现这种改变。
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So basically, we're stuck with this verbal agreement and we both have an incentive to cheat and produce more whatever it is, sugar water.
但不管怎样,在这个口头协议不起作用,我们都有违约,生产更多这种糖水的动机
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It might be worth pausing over the variety of ways in which we can think of signs in language, all of which have to do with the way in which a given sign might be chosen to go into a speech sentence.
这也许值得尝试,为了理解语言和符号的关系，这一切都和符号怎样,被选择为一段话语的构成部分有关系。
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And let's consider what those moral principles look like.
我们来细想下这些道德原则都是怎样的。
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So either way, you're making a choice.
所以不管怎样，你都是在作出选择。
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Or what - and often it's not going to be just one gene, it's going to be combinations of genes, and how do you predict the fate of the individual based on all of the genes that you know to be involved in progression of a certain disease.
有时候甚至都不仅仅是一个基因的问题,引发疾病的是一些不同基因的组合,并且怎样基于,导致某种特定疾病的所有基因,来预测一个人未来是否会患这种疾病呢
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Most of us don't know enough to know with a high degree of accuracy how things would have gone had I decided to become a farmer instead of a philosopher.
多数人了解得都不够,无法更确切地知道,如果我成为农夫而非哲学家,到底会有怎样的人生。
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And if the government didn't provide for the poor as ten percent as you say through taxation, then we would need more money for police to prevent crime and so, either way, there would be more taxes taken away to provide " what you guys call the necessary things that the government provides.
如果政府不能,通过税收来补贴你所提到的10%的穷人，则需要花更多的钱雇警力来防止犯罪,所以，不管怎样，都需要交更多的税,提供你们所说的政府该提供的“必需品。
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As I mentioned before is one example on the risk for breast cancer in women, so you'd randomly assign half to following their usual diet, the other half to an intervention program where people are prescribed a low fact diet, given counseling and interventions from dieticians and things, and then you look to see what happens for risk as people go forward in time.
我之前提过,这例子研究的是,女性的乳腺癌发病率,你将随机选择其中一半人按一般习惯饮食,另一半人则参与一个干预计划,其中每人都要食用,由营养学家设计推荐的低脂肪菜单,然后再看随着时间推移,被试者的发病率是怎样变化的
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We take in a lot of food and water everyday, every year, and yet most of us our weight stays remarkably stable over that period of time for adults despite how much we eat and how much we drink.
日复一日年复一年,我们都摄入大量的食物和水,但我们绝大部分人的体重,在成年期都保持得很稳定,不管我们怎样大吃大喝
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The problem it solves for the cell is how to do I make a barrier around myself to define what's in me and what's outside of me when most of what's around me and what's in me is water.
它为细胞解决的问题是,当我体外和体内大部分都是水情况下,我怎样在自己周围设置一个界线,来区分什么是体内的,什么是体外的
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