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So, these on-changing properties that describe the state of the equilibrium state of the system are called state variables.
这些描述,系统平衡态的,变化的属性,就叫做状态变量。
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All right, so this is the heat flowing in or out of the system, and these are all functions of state.
好的，这就是系统的热量变化,这些都是态函数。
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Sometimes subtle changes in the structure of a protein can convert it from an active state into an inactive state.
有时蛋白质结构上一些很小的变化,就能将其由激活态转变为非激活态
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The equilibrium state is the one, and it's just one, in which there are no spontaneous changes that can take place to any other state.
平衡态是一个，而且仅仅是一个态，这个态不会发生自发变化,变成其他的态。
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And the equation of state, pressure versus volume at constant temperature, is going to have some form, let's just draw it in there like that.
系统的态函数，恒温下压强比体积，变化曲线，就像这样。
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Delta u, delta H, familiar state functions, q w changes in their values, q, w, heat and work.
U，△H，很熟悉的态函数，它们的值在变化；
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That is, the chain, they could they could be approached with very little change from the equilibrium state.
这些态可以,通过平衡态,发生一些微小的变化得到。
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The sum of path number 2 and path number 3 get me to the same place, so the energy change by going through this time path, this intermediate point here back all the way to final state should be the same the red path.
而经过路径2和3可以3,到达同样的末态，因此经过路径,2和3带来的能量的变化，与路径1带来的,能量变化相同。
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There's no change in them, and then we also looked at some at non-state functions, work and heat, and saw that those aren't zero going around a cycle. Of course you can do work in a cyclic process, and heat can be exchanged with the environment at the same time.
它们不会有变化，然后我们研究了,一些非态函数，功和热量，并看到,沿着循环行进一周的话,它们并不是零，当然你可以在,一个循环过程中做功，而同时热量可以在系统,与外界环境之间进行交换。
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So what does that tell us about a state function like u?
所以这告诉我们的是,这过程中像u这样的态函数式怎么变化的？
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And it's more dramatic if the system is a gas p T2 V2 p, T2, V2, And let's look at what happens to U these functions of state, to H to u under this transformation.
如果是气体这个系统,就更具有趣了,让我们看看H和，在这个变化中态函数会发生什么变化。
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