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And what's striking about these is--it's not-- these are not just sort of big, screwy problems of messed up people.
而更加惊人的是,这些并不是只疯子们,才会拥有的严重且古怪的心理问题
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Both his parents are psychologists and he hates these questions and at times he just screws around with us.
他的父母都是心理学家,他恨透了这些问题,所以他会时不时的忽悠我们一下。
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By that I mean psychological framing, and there are many psychologists who talk about this, but notably Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.
我指的是心理框架，有很多心理学家研究过这个问题，最著名的是丹尼尔·卡内曼和阿莫斯·特沃斯基。
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What I primarily have in mind are sort of psychological and sociological questions about the nature of death, or the phenomenon of death.
首先我想到的是一些关于,死亡本质和死亡现象的，一些心理学和社会学的问题。
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Last time,if you remember the question that we ask, ?" the guiding question was "why positive psychology?"
还记得上节课的问题吗，最主要的问题是“为什么要学习积极心理学“
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There was, in the 1930s, a psychologist who tried to address this second question.
二十世纪三十年代，有位心理学家试图解决第二个问题。
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And similarly, particularly for those less comfortable, do we offer prior to the start of each week for a new piece at what we dub a walkthrough whereby one of the teaching fellows will literally start on the first page, give you a mental framework for the week's problems and talk about the ideas that it covers, and then walk through the piece set so that you have a roadmap of sorts that you can follow.
同样，特别对于那些不熟悉编程跟不上进度的同学，每周上课前都可以预习新的知识点,一名教师从第一页开始,对于每周的问题,都给你们简历一个心理框架,并讨论它所涵盖的思想，然后了解了每个部分之后,就可以有个学习的路线图。
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And the problem is the same sort of dynamic plays itself out even in the scientific debate back and forth.
问题是，心理动力在科学辩论中,也是以相同的方式在进行循环辩证。
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And although some psychologists and philosophers think they've solved it, most of us are a lot more skeptical.
尽管一些心理学家和哲学家认为,他们已经解决了这个问题,但大多数仍持有怀疑的态度
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I want to end by talking about the two halves of the brain and ask the question, "How many minds do you have?"
我想以讨论大脑两半球来作为结尾,问一个问题,"你们有多少种心理活动"
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And this is often followed up, seriously enough, " "You have deep psychological problems."
通常下面他们就会说句相当严重的话，“你有严重的心理问题“
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How can we prevent problems like depression or substance abuse or schizophrenia in young people who are genetically vulnerable or who live in worlds ? that nurture these problems?
怎样才能预防像抑郁症这样的心理问题,或年轻人中常出现的药物滥用或精神分裂症,谁天生敏感脆弱，谁又是,制造这些问题的人？
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So the right question to ask may not be, " "Why are some things unconscious?"
因此，问题或许不该是，“为什么有些心理活动是无意识的“
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The answer is that the majority of people with autism have severe problems, and will not, and at this stage, with this level of therapy, will not lead a normal life.
答案便是,大多数孤独症患者会遇到很多严重的问题,而在现阶段的心理治疗水平下,是不能够过上正常生活的
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Questions make a difference, which is why it is also important to ask the positive psychology question, which is the salutogenic question: ? "What is source of health? What is the source of success?
疑问引起改变，因此提问是非常重要的,提出积极心理学的问题很重要，也就是“健康创成“的问题：,“健康源于什么？成功源于什么？
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There's also a question of psychology.
同时这也是心理学的一个问题
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And also, discuss the debate over whether such cases are true or not; whether they could be taken as a real phenomena or a made-up phenomena, which is--there is a matter of a lot of controversy.
同时也讨论一下,这种现象是否真实存在,我们应该将它看作是真实的心理现象,还是人们主观想象出来的,这个问题存在着许多的争论
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What about that case? Well, I think if we were doing a matter of physics, as it posed to--sort of psychology Psychologically we understand why, losing weight might make a real difference about how you feel about yourself.
这个案例该如何解释，我认为，如果我们在研究物理问题，或者，心理学问题,从心理学的角度我们明白原因，减肥可以让你,自己感觉非常不一样。
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The issue of psychopathy, of people who, either due to brain damage or because they are born that way, have no moral understanding, can help us cope with questions of free will and responsibility; of the relationship or difference between mental illness and evil.
比如那些精神病人,不论是因为大脑受损而造成的,还是先天性的,并没有道德观念,可以帮助我们研究自由和责任的问题,或是研究心理疾病与邪恶的关系或区别
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Non-obvious ideas were conceived of to solve these problems of long-term risks and to get around the psychological barriers imposed by framing biases and psychological biases, in order to allow people to actually manage the risk and to get around moral hazard.
解决方法需要被研究并发掘,来处理长期风险问题,避开由于框架效应,引起的心理障碍，能够使人们真正控制风险,规避道德风险。
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I'm actually going to skip over this for reasons of time and just go to some examples of the unconscious in modern psychology.
由于时间的关系我就不讲这个问题了,直接给大家举一些,现代心理学中的无意识的例子。
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Kelly Brownell is going to talk--is head of the Rudd Center, focuses on obesity, eating disorders, dieting, and he'll talk about the psychology of food.
凯莉·布洛耐尔,是路德研究中心的领导者,主要研究肥胖症,进食紊乱和节食方面的问题,他会为大家讲述饮食的心理学
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The discipline of psychology spills over to issues of how the mind has evolved.
心理学学科充满了心理如何发展的问题
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And the question that preoccupies developmental psychologists is how do we come to have this knowledge, and in particular, how much of it is hard-wired, built-in, innate.
发展心理学家们所关心的问题,就是我们如何获得这些知识的,特别是,这其中有多少是固有的,内在的,天生的
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But these are important issues and these vary a lot from culture to culture and a good theory of psychology has to explain how these differences arise.
这些重要问题,在每个文化中都不一样,一个好的心理学理论必须能解释,这些差异是怎么产生的。
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Now, this is a question about your understanding about minds.
这是一个对心理的理解问题
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What he suggested is "Manhattan-Project-type attacks upon what I consider to be the truly Big Problems of our time, not only for psychology but for all human beings " with any sense of historical urgency".
他表明“曼哈顿计划“反驳了,当时最大的问题，这不仅是对心理学，甚至对所有人类都,带来了历史紧迫感。
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They come so instinctively and easily it's difficult, and sort of unnatural, to step back and explore them scientifically but if we're going to be scientists and look at the mind from a scientific perspective we have to get a sort of distance from ourselves and ask questions that other people would not normally think to ask.
他们来得如此本能，容易,这是困难的，有某种超自然韵味，退后，从科学角度研究他们,但如果我们打算成为科学家,从科学角度,看待心理,我们需同我们自身保持某种距离,问问题,问其他人通常不想问的。
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The question is: The conflicts in psychosexual development always assumes that a child has a mother and a father, one of each, in a certain sort of familial structure.
他提的问题是：,弗洛伊德在描述性心理发展过程中,总是假设孩子是拥有父母的，是处于特定的家庭结构之中的。
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I want to quote Martin Seligman, who talks about precisely this idea: "In the last decade psychologists have become concerned with prevention.
我想引用Martin，Seligman的话，他说过这样一句话：,“在过去的十年,心理学家关心的都是预防的问题。
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