But I want to end this first real class with a bit of humility as to what psychologists know and don't know.

最后,作为第一堂教学课的结束,我还是想对心理学家们知道什么,不知道什么,保持一种谦虚的态度

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

As far as I know, Skinner and Skinnerian psychologists were never directly involved in the creation of prisons.

据我所知，斯金纳和斯金纳行为主义心理学家们,从未直接参与过监狱的创建。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And this is one of them where they compare babies looking at this versus this.

这是其中的一个研究,心理学家们在比较,婴儿对这两张照片的注视情况

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And when I talk on Wednesday about developmental psychology I'll show different ways in which psychologists have used habituation to study the minds of young babies.

等我们在周三探讨发展心理学时,我会向大家讲述心理学家们,应用习惯化,来研究婴儿心理的不同的方法。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And developmental psychologists use many ingenious methods to try to pull these apart and try to figure out what are the basic components of human nature.

发展心理学家们使用了许多巧妙的方法,试图将这些因素分开,试图找出人性的基本成分,究竟是什么

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And it probably--One--There's--Evolutionary psychologists debate the function of why we talk funny to babies.

进化心理学家们在争论,我们为何要以如此好玩的方式来同婴儿讲话

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And the question that preoccupies developmental psychologists is how do we come to have this knowledge, and in particular, how much of it is hard-wired, built-in, innate.

发展心理学家们所关心的问题,就是我们如何获得这些知识的,特别是,这其中有多少是固有的,内在的,天生的

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

One thing it's important for is clever developmental psychologists have used habituation as a way to study people, creatures who can't talk like nonhuman animals, and young babies.

原因之一就是,聪明的发展心理学家们将习惯化,作为研究人类，研究诸如非人类动物或是婴儿这样,无法进行言语表达的生物，的一种方式。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

And an answer that some psychologists and biologists have given is deception.

一些心理学家与生物学家们所给出的答案,是欺骗。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The strategy then often is to figure out how, what sort of program can solve these problems and then we go on to ask, "How could this program be instantiated in the physical brain?"

心理学家们通常要先弄清,什么样的程序可以解决这些问题,然后我们会接着问到,"这个程序在我们的生理大脑中,是如何进行编译的"

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

The study of what you don't need your brain to do has often drawn upon this weird methodology where— This was actually done in France a lot where they would decapitate people and when— After they decapitated people, psychologists would rush to the body of the headless person and sort of just test out reflexes and stuff like that.

对那些无需大脑参与行为的研究,经常会用到一种古怪的研究方法,实际上这种研究曾在法国出现过多次,因为在法国,犯人会遭到斩首,当犯人遭到斩首后,心理学家们会冲到无头躯体那里,检验躯体的反射行为,以及一些其他的行为

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选