those church officials essentially appointed by Archbishop William Laud, were replaced in the early 1640s by means of the success of the Puritan revolutionaries and were replaced by presbyters: ministers who were chosen by individual congregations.

那些教会的要员本质上都是罗得主教任命的，他在17世纪40年代被清教的革命者和,长老所取代：,就是被每个教会的会众选出的教会的牧师。

耶鲁公开课 - 弥尔顿课程节选