Just imagine a philologist being confronted with the idea that the meaning of words at a certain historical moment isn't the only thing that matters in understanding the meaning of a poem.

想象一下，一个语言学家看到一个理论指出,一个字在特定历史阶段的语义,不是影响诗歌意思理解的,唯一因素。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

But it's difficult to understand what the impact was, and the poisoning of the political atmosphere.

但是很难理解这有什么影响,对政治气氛有什么毒害

耶鲁公开课 - 1871年后的法国课程节选

So, top-down processing affects how we hear things, usually, almost always, for the better.

所以,自上而下加工几乎总是,会往好的方向影响我们的理解

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So Richard's first exertion of agency in this book is through the agency of words, in this case in asserting an interpretation of the words at odds with their intended meaning.

这里理查在书中头一次借助语言,表达自己的影响，即使与其所理解的意思,大相径庭。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

He is simply interested in saying as much as he can about certain local effects, certainly with the implication, possibly, that this has a bearing on our understanding of, ; let's say, the whole of Macbeth; but he doesn't set about doing a systematic reading of the whole of Macbeth.

他只对作出详尽的具体分析有兴趣,当然会有一些暗示，这对我们理解，麦克白造成了影响;,但是他没有,关于麦克白全文的系统解读。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选