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There are groups of people who have studied the impact of Trans fats on health for a number of years.
有些人已对反式脂肪,对健康的影响进行了数年的研究
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But again, we'll come and talk about this more when we discuss hunger, but there certainly are negative health consequences of undernutrition.
再说一次,我们会在讲饥饿问题的时候,讨论这个话题,营养不良对健康的负面影响不容置疑
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In other words what happens to people's health as they lose weight and then regain it repeatedly over a period time?
换言之,在一段时期内反复增重减重,对人们的健康有什么影响
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It can come from animal sources and from vegetable sources, and the two have different impacts on health.
它可能来自动物,也可能来自植物,这两种对健康的影响各不相同
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So doing a dietary assessment is really important to individuals, and to the nation, and to the world when we think about health consequences.
因此当我们想到饮食评估对个人,国家,甚至全世界健康的影响
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Does it change how humans appreciate food, what it does to their relationship with food, and of course what it does to their health and well being.
这会改变人类对待食物的方式吗,这会对人类与食物的关系有什么影响,这对人类的健康又有什么影响
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Both have calories and energy, but they're of course much different from one another and how they affect people and what they do for a person's health.
都含卡路里和能量,但显然两者差异很大,它们对人们身体健康的影响是不同的
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First of all, what you choose to eat, and what the world chooses to eat, which has enormous impact on the public's health, and even on world politics.
首先,我们选择吃什么,全球的人选择吃什么,对公众的健康和全球的政治,都有着的重大影响
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We'll talk later about the politics of food and how the food industrywas very influential in getting the government to allow them to make health claims on cereals.
往后我们将谈到食品政治学,以及食品行业是如何深刻的影响到政府,使其允许它们做关于谷物的"健康宣示"
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Blood sugar goes up more then it does with foods that are low glycemic index foods, and this affects how hungry people are and potentially their health as well.
这个血糖峰值会远远高于那些,血糖指数低的食物所形成的峰值,这个会影响人的饥饿程度,并会不经意地影响人的健康
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What affect do these have on our health?
这些会对我们的健康造成什么影响
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It wasn't the--in a place where they use the Mediterranean Diet or not -but it was how much did individuals actually follow the Mediterranean Diet and then they looked to see what impact that had on health.
这不是基于某地区是否处于地海式饮食区,而是基于受测个体本身,遵循地中海式饮食的程度进行分组,然后观测其对健康的影响作用
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Again, I'm not expecting you to remember all the details of this but I'm going to show you this-- when you put all these things together, it's called the metabolic syndrome, and I'll show you some data on its impact on health.
同样的,我不要求大家记住这些细节,但我要告诉大家的是,当你把上面这些症状加在一起,这就是代谢综合征的表现,给大家看一些代谢综合征影响健康的数据
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Well, Willett and others were doing studies for a number of years finding that Trans fats were having a very negative impact on health, but nobody paid much attention and they couldn't get much attention out there in the world for this kind of work.
威莱特等人多年的研究发现,反式脂肪对健康有着非常负面的影响,但没有人对此多加注意,研究者们也无法让大众注意到他们的研究
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Some of this can be done if consumers make different choices in what they eat, but some can be silent changes too, so Frito-Lay taking the Trans fats out of their products and switching them with a healthier fat is a silent change that could have a positive impact on public health.
有些只要消费者选择其它的食物即可做到,但也有些变化是悄无声息的,菲多利将其产品中的反式脂肪,替换成更健康的脂肪就并未声张,这对大众健康有着积极的影响
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Under-nutrition--now I'm going -this slide has a lot of information on it and I'm going to come back to it in the class where we talk about hunger, but I show it today because of course undernutrition can affect every single system of the body and can have devastating consequences on people's health.
营养不良,这张幻灯片上有很多关于营养不良的信息,以后讲到饥饿的时候,我会再回头来讲这张幻灯片,我今天让大家看是想告诉大家,营养不良一定会影响身体的每一个系统,并对人们的健康造成巨大的破坏
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What this is, is you take a group of studies on an issue, you pool them all together, and then you weight studies differently depending on factors like how large they were, how good their methods were, and then you come out with overall estimates about the impact of something, in this case the Mediterranean Diet, on health outcomes.
所谓荟萃分析就是将某一问题的一组研究,汇总起来,并根据某些因素,赋予这些研究不同的权重,如基于研究的大小,研究方法的好坏等,然后得出关于某事物的影响的总体评估,在地中海式饮食中就是指健康结果
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