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He claims that this is a hidden bias in the whole history of metaphysics.
他认为这是形而上学历史中隐藏的偏见。
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And some metaphysical views you might say just exactly like what the train the car stages are the metaphysically fundamental things.
从另外的形而上学角度,你可能会认为跟火车一样,汽车的阶段,就是形而上学来说基本的东西。
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If--Babies are not--Human babies are not, sort of, metaphysically cute.
如果，孩子不是，人类的孩子不是，有几分，形而上学的可爱。
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So, the Garden of Eden story communicates what Kaufman would identify as a basic idea of the monotheistic worldview: That evil isn't a metaphysical reality, it's a moral reality.
因此，伊甸园的故事里传达了Kaufman所说的,基本的一神论世界观：,邪恶并不是形而上学的存在，而是道德的现实。
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I'm not quite sure,because we have to turn to a metaphysical question that we've touched upon before,namely,can souls split?
我不太确定，因为要先提出一个以前说过的,形而上学的问题，就是，灵魂可以分裂么？
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So again,I'm going to suppose here on out that the metaphysical view that I've been sketching is right; that physicalism is true.
所以我要再次假设,我描绘的那个形而上学的观点是正确的;,物理主义是正确的。
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We spent the first half of the semester,you might say, trying to get clear about the metaphysical facts.
我们将前半学期花在，试着弄清楚那些形而上学的事实。
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Last time we turned to the question of what the metaphysical key to personal identity might be.
上次我们谈到,对于人格同一性的概念而言,形而上学的关键是什么。
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He is a contemporary metaphysician teacher Suppose that my son builds a tower out of wooden blocks.
他是圣母大学研究当代形而上学的,假设我的儿子用木积木,搭了一座塔。
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That's the metaphysical thesis that Socrates comes to by thinking about cases.
这就是苏格拉底通过思考例子,得出的形而上学的论点。
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If they're really, bottom line, metaphysically speaking, the same thing, then you couldn't have one without the other after all.
如果从形而上学的角度说,它们终归是一体的,那你根本不可能将两者分离开来
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Still if we ask, "What's doing the metaphysical ?" work here?" What's the key to ? being the same person?
如果我们问，“这和形而上学,有什么关系,成为同一个人的关键是什么？
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Plato's idea is that if we start doing enough metaphysics, we can see there must be this realm of Platonic ideas, Platonic forms.
柏拉图的观点是,如果我们对形而上学有充分的研究,就必能看到柏拉图式的,理念或是型相组成的世界
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So to explain all this we need now a sort of crash course in Plato's metaphysics.
要解释这些,我们现在得恶补一点柏拉图的形而上学
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So when I use the word "Soul," I will try to reserve it for the metaphysical view, according to which souls are something immaterial.
所以当我使用"灵魂"这个词时,我将会把它用在形而上学的观点里,这种观点认为,灵魂是非物质的
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At least not if we try to take these claims fairly literally or take them to be metaphysical claims about the nature of death.
至少在我们从字面意义上,或从形而上学上解释死亡的本质时看不到。
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It seems to just violate one of our fundamental notions about how people work,metaphysically speaking.
这似乎违背了一个基本概念,即是从形而上学观点看关于人存在的基本看法。
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It seems to violate one of the fundamental metaphysical things about how people work.
这似乎违背了形而上学理论关于人存在的基本概念。
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For the first half of the course, we've been engaged in metaphysics,broadly speaking.
这个课程的前半部分，我们广义地探讨了形而上学。
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We need to ask about the metaphysics of the soul,can souls split?
一个关于灵魂的形而上学的问题，灵魂能够分裂吗？
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The crucial premise--Again, we're going to just grant Plato the metaphysics.
关键的前提是,我们依然直接承认柏拉图的形而上学
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That approach pretty clearly isn't going to work for souls, because a soul--and again, we've got in mind this metaphysical view, according to which it's something immaterial-- isn't something we see.
但这种方法显然不能用来证明灵魂的存在,因为灵魂,我再一次说明,从这种形而上学的角度来看,灵魂是非物质实体,我们看不到它
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What's the metaphysical composition of people, on the one hand?
一方面要搞清形而上学中,人的构造是什么
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And then you'd have all these metaphysical conundrums.
随即你便会陷入一堆形而上学的谜团中去
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That's Plato's picture of metaphysics.
这就是柏拉图眼中的形而上学
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metaphysically there're different ways of trying to pose the set of issues that I've begun to talk about.
从形而上学来看我们有,不同的方法来提出,我刚才说的论点。
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If I were to discover that's what was happening metaphysically and the soul view was the true theory of personal identity, I'd say,Huh!
如果这就是形而上学地发生的事情,而且灵魂观点是个人认同感的正确理论，我会说！
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So Platonic metaphysics gives us premise number one-- that ideas, forms, are eternal and they're non-physical.
柏拉图的形而上学论给了我们前提一,理念或者型相是永恒的,非现实的
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So the Platonic metaphysics says quite generally, if we're thinking about the ideas or the forms, the point to grasp is they're eternal; they're non-physical.
柏拉图的形而上学论说得非常笼统,假如我们提到理念或者型相,要点就是他们是永恒的,是非现实的
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There may be some sort of metaphysical laws that tie the two things so tightly together that you'll never actually get one without the other.
因为一些形而上学的定律,将两者紧密联系在一起,使你无法把其分离开来
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