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If we think about what is food and what isn't food, we have to ask what are the definitions.
当我们判别何为食品时,我们得知道食物如何定义
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But in cultures where the food environment doesn't represent the conditions the brain expects, you've got a mismatch.
但是当你所处的食物环境,不符合大脑的预期时,理想和现实错位了
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But beyond the basic needs, once our basic needs are met and that means food, shelter, basic education.
但超出基本需要后，当我们的基本需要得到满足，即有食物，住所，基础教育。
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But Skinner doesn't literally mean that when we talk to ourselves somebody gives us food pellets.
但斯金纳并不是在说,当我们自言自语时,会有人给我们食物小丸吃。
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One can imagine that when they're inside this tube here, they're still really outside the body.
你可以想到当食物在肠管的时候,实际上还是处在体外的
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When I got home I ate everything in the icebox.
当我回到家，我就把冷柜里的食物都吃了。
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Now, well, you're making out after having had dinner, and while you're sitting there making out, food is making its way down Peggy Sue's digestive tract, being turned into shit.
现在，你们在吃完饭后亲热，当你们坐下来亲热时，食物正沿着Peggy，Sue的消化道向下走，正要变成大便。
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But what this study found was people were asked to estimate how much food they were consuming and how many calories they were burning through physical activity.
但是这个研究发现,当人们被要求估测,他们吃了多少食物,通过体育运动消耗多少卡路里时
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When the bell comes connected with food, there's a lot of saliva.
当铃声和食物形成了联系，狗会因为铃声的出现而分泌大量唾液。
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And when the chimpanzee slaps the lever, it gets some food.
当黑猩猩拍杠杆的时候，它就能拿到食物。
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That means that somebody has taught us what food is.
这就是指有人告诉我们哪些东西能当食物
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A kilocalorie, and this is really what we--when people talk about calories, how many calories in food, it's really kilocalories that they're referring to, but that would be the energy required to raise a kilogram of water one degree centigrade.
一千卡,是人们讨论卡路时是真正用的单位,当提起食物中的热量,人们指的是多少千卡,一千卡,是将一千克水提升1℃所需要的热量
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But of course, there can be abuse of these when the food industry puts stuff in foods it doesn't really need to be there, and then they overstate the value of them and we'll talk about that, what's reasonable and what's not as we go through the class.
但是,当食品工业在食物中加入了,原本并不需要的成分,并夸大其作用时,自然也会反受其害,随着课程的深入,我们会探讨其中哪些合理,哪些不合理
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There's the weird diets but hard to classify: Detox Diet, The Rave Diet, so if you're into raves you can go do that, and The Negative Calorie Diet, so these -the Negative Calorie Diet are ones that- where you eat food that have negative calories, so you consume it but it burns off more calories than it actually has.
这些是难以归类的减肥法,排毒法,锐舞减肥法,如果你对锐舞感兴趣,就可以照着做,还有负热量减肥法,负热量减肥法是指,吃具有负热量效应的食物,当你吃它的时候,消耗掉的热量比食物本身所含热量还多
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The interest there was what do--can we learn about this because there were populations all over the world starving and scientists wanted to know what was happening physiologically to people and then what was the best way to re-feed them when you got--when they got access to food again?
我们关心的是从这项研究中能学到什么,世界上有很多人还在忍饥挨饿,科学家们想知道,饥饿对人们生理上的影响,以及当饥饿的人重新拥有足够食物的时候,最好的进食方法
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The idea here is that when foods get ingested in the body, they create different responses from each other depending on how they affect insulin and blood sugar, blood sugar especially.
这个观点是,当食物被身体吸收时,它们产生各自不同反应取决于,它们如何影响胰岛素和血糖,特别是血糖
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We sense food coming in, that sets into gear a series of metabolic and biological processes that are very interesting, and then of course once the food gets in the body it does lots of interesting things-- some good things and some bad things.
美食当前,食指大动,身体从而启动一系列新陈代谢过程,和有趣的生物过程,而且,当食物进入身体,它就产生许多有趣的效应,这些效应有好有坏
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Then also a problem is you can't weigh things when you're eating out, so even if you were being incredibly precise about stuff at home and you were actually weighing things, you couldn't do that very well when you're eating out.
问题是,当你在外吃饭时无法称量食物,所以即使你在家中非常精确地测量食物,并且实际测量了每样物品,但在外吃饭时你可没法这样干
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If you go to the dining hall you know, the portions-- one person serves themselves this much of a food and another serves themselves another, and then when you go to a restaurant there are variations on how much you get served of things, and so it's very hard to estimate portions for people.
如果你去食堂,摄入量是指,一个人吃了自己的那部分食物,或其他人吃的他们的那一部分,当你去餐厅,每次吃多少是变化的,因此估算每个人的摄入量是很难的
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