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That's something that we see again and again and it's remarkable how little common sense is often applied.
这些技能是我们司空见惯的,当时很奇怪人们一般却没有注意到它们。
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And John was in his first year of school, and he decided to join the running club, and we met there.
约翰当时是一年级，他决定参加我们的俱乐部，我们就这样认识了。
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But again, that we will supply for you on the exam just in case you forget it at that moment.
但在考试中我们会给出这个值,以防你当时忘记了。
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We did that during the Great Depression, when it suddenly seemed like we really needed to do something.
是在大萧条时期开始实行的，因为当时我们突然发现,确实该做点什么了。
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And so it wasn't all that many years ago frankly that you know, certainly, people in this class were still using these things.
这跟多年前完全不一样，当时我们用的就是现在我手头的这种。
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I just happened, while I was a graduate student at Oxford University, to meet somebody who is vegetarian and start talking to him about the way we treat animals which I really didn't know much about.
那时我还在牛津攻读硕士研究生,偶然遇到了一个素食者,我们聊到人类是怎样对待动物的,当时我的确不是很了解。
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Now, in the South what developed and let's define it at least quickly what developed was one of the world's handful of true slave societies.
当时的南方变成了什么样,至少我们很快就能得出结论,当时的南方变成了世界历史上,为数不多的几个真正的奴隶社会之一
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we can run the engine backward and build a refrigerator, if you've got your lecture notes from last period your 8-9, well, they're labeled 8-9 lecture notes, I made an attempt to define something which was a little bit misguided.
现在我们可以把热机倒过来,制作一台制冷机，如果你们拿出上节课的笔记,也就是8-9节，好的，他们在8-9节，当时我试着,定义了一些,有些误导你们的物理量。
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We can then supplement that with all sorts of other information that we have, but we don't have any documents from some settler explaining why he's going where he's going.
再结合其它信息,我们就能很好地补充完善,但是对于古希腊,我们没有任何的文字资料,当时的定居者为什么迁徙就无从知晓了
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He was trying to describe electrons, but the theory said there are two roots in the quadratic equation and the second root is mathematically as interesting as the first one.
他当时只是想去描述电子,但是数学理论告诉我们,二次方程有两个根,而第二个根在数学上和第一个根一样有趣
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We think it does.
当时，我们觉得这可以实现。
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Jonas Salk, who probably you've heard the name, was a physician who, at the time thought, "Well if we can make large quantities of this virus then perhaps we can make it into a vaccine."
乔那斯?索尔克,你们可能听说过他,他是一名内科医生,在当时认为,如果我们可以制造大量病毒,那么我们或许可以使其转化为疫苗
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I'll tell you, in the south of France near where we live, when there was a lot of resistance in World War II against the Germans, there were some Protestant villages there that were noteworthy for their resistance.
例如在法国南部,当时我们住所的附近,有一些新教徒的村子,这些村民们在二战中奋力抗击德国的入侵,并因为他们的不屈抗争而闻名
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I became so obsessed with it that we drove up there so I could visit every school at which she had taught, and we actually found somebody who-- we knew he wouldn't like her because he was sweeping out the church, he worked for one of the churches, and she was very anti-clerical.
我实在太着迷于是就开车去了那,这样我就能去看她教过的每所学校,而且我们真发现一个人,我们知道他肯定不喜欢她,因为他当时正在打扫教堂,他在教堂工作,而她是反教会的
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And I met her when we were here interviewing for the Park Scholarship that we're both part of while we're here,
当时，我们是来学院接受帕克奖学金的面试。后来我们俩都获得了这份奖学金，
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And, it was one of the first days we were here, and we just ended up talking,
当时我们都是刚刚来到这儿，后来我们一直在聊天。
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We continue to ask the same questions that were asked by Plato Machiavelli Hobbes and others.
我们持续提出相同的问题,就像柏拉图，马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及其它人当时提出时一样。
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That Joseph, a Semitic foreigner, could be elevated to an important post, the post of governor, is a little less surprising, if we suppose there was a Semitic regime.
约瑟夫，外来闪族，可能被提拨到高位，统治者的位置，这也就不那么令人惊奇了，如果我们假设当时有一个闪族王国。
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We'll talk later in the semester about what does gnostic mean at this time.
我们在这个学期以后再谈,诺斯替教在当时是什么意思。
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In the meantime, let's consider the academic setting.
同时，我们也要考虑到当时的学术背景。
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We had that very interesting piece last time, "Polish Oxcart" where he used this principle of low sounds produce sound waves that stay forever and we hear those low sounds first and last.
上次我们听了一段很有意思的曲子,《牛车》,当时他运用低频声音,持续时间长的原理,我们在最初和最后听到的都是低音
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So basically, at the time he was just going on size and then traits, but what we actually know today is that we can also order things in the periodic table by electron configuration.
基本上，在当时他只能通过大小,和特性来进行，但是现在我们已经知道了,我们还可以通过电子排布来对它们进行排序。
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They sort of seemed--even though they didn't say anything, when we were talking to them, when they were sort of pleased, we took that to mean that that was what they were doing.
他们看上去似乎-尽管他们不会说任何事情，在我们向他们阐述的时候，当他们有点高兴的时候，我们将之理解为我们做的就是他们当时正在做的。
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So historically, the course is a lot of sophomores who, like me perhaps, are realizing that they finally have time to explore beyond their own interests.
从往年数据上可以看出，上这个课程的大都是大学二年级的学生，可能跟当时的我一样，开始认识到我们终于有时间,来探究我们兴趣以外的事情。
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This actually relates very closely to what we discussed in class on Friday before the long weekend, and what we were talking about is the energy levels of multielectron atoms.
这实际上与,上个长周末之前的周五的课上,我们所讨论的内容有着密切的联系，当时我们在讨论,多电子原子的能级。
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In the Greek world we know -- I think I quoted something from hesiod that confirmed it.
我们都知道在古希腊时期,我记得当时我引用了赫西奥德的话
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It's exactly this theory, but he doesn't have the word probability, which hadn't been invented yet.
这就是我们在讲的理论,但他并没有用概率这个词,因为当时还没有发明这个词
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I remember we took all these alumni around to look at all this stuff.
我记得当时我们让所有校友,都围在那看这东西
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So how do you feel call to this, but how did you like to say, I remember when I told my parents I was going to seminary, So I think there is a similar identity.
你对于做教士这件事是怎么想的，你当时是怎样想到，我记得当时对父母说我要去神学院时，所以我们的这种经历是类似的。
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And one shouldn't forget that the people who rounded up the Jewish children in the Marais, where lots of Jews lived, were French-- the Germans would've been happy to do it-- but were French police, they were French police.
然后我们不应该忘记那些,把犹太孩子围在玛黑区的人,当时好多犹太人住那里,是法国人--,其实德国人也愿意干这些事--,但是其实是法国警察,他们是法国警察
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