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I was quoted in a recent article as "I hated teaching because the students weren't prepared for learning."
在当时的一篇文章中，有人引用我的话,“我讨厌教学，因为学生们总是不做好,预习工作“
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What is it the Israelites were saying in their day and in their time and against whom and for what?"
当时的犹太人在生活中都说些什么？”,“反驳谁？为什么？”
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You have a very, very changing demographic situation in the American South and its political culture has to respond to that.
你可以想象,当时的美国南方,人口流动是非常厉害的,所以当时的政治文化必须做出相应的调整
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Rembrandt did have one time where he started painting kind of Catholic themes, but basically he's like these other guys.
伦勃朗也曾画一些天主教题材的作品,但基本上他和当时的其他画家一样
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So, Descartes would walk around the French Royal Gardens and the French Royal Gardens were set up like a seventeenth-century Disneyland.
笛卡尔曾经在法国皇家园林中散步,当时的法国皇家园林被建造得,犹如17世纪的迪斯尼乐园一般
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I managed to find price indexes for Norway and Netherlands going back to 1890 and compared that with the U.S.
我找到了挪威和荷兰1890年的,价格指数数据,和当时的美国作比较
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There is still a tremendous amount of intellectual ferment and excitement in the capitals of Russia.
当时的知识分子还是相当活跃,特别是在俄国大城市中。
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So historically, the course is a lot of sophomores who, like me perhaps, are realizing that they finally have time to explore beyond their own interests.
从往年数据上可以看出，上这个课程的大都是大学二年级的学生，可能跟当时的我一样，开始认识到我们终于有时间,来探究我们兴趣以外的事情。
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And he actually did this in the late 1800's, back before even all of the elements that we know today were discovered, really only about 60% or so, 70% were discovered then that we now know today.
他最终在十九世纪晚期完成了这一壮举，难能可贵的是,虽然我们现在已经发现了所有的元素，但在当时已知的元素只有我们现在知道,百分之六七十，在这种情况下。
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Answer: Because his brain was sitting on my desk in a jar.
回答，因为他的大脑当时,正摆在我桌子上的瓶子里。
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Why would there have been so many fewer cases of cancer?
为什么当时的癌症比现在少那么多呢
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they might not know what it was?
当时的人们可能不知道这种病是什么
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Well, I just think that if he was making his own original idea and it was his idea to start with, then that would be the only situation in which I would see it being appropriate in any way because that way you couldn't make the argument that he was pressured, you know it's three-to-one or whatever the ratio was.
我只是认为，如果这就是他的本意,是他主动要求被杀的，只有在这种情况下,我才认为无论从哪方面来说都是恰当的,因为那样的话，就不能说派克是被迫的，毕竟当时是3对1的局面，派克不占优势。
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So she had just finished Wise Blood, and people are starting to read it, ask her questions.
是给一个叫做Ben，Griffith的人，当时她完成《慧血》的写作，人们开始读这部作品。
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century, in 1800, paper was handmade out of cloth-- that's the way they made it.
在19世纪初叶，即1800年，当时的人用布料手工制纸。
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Of 20 identifiable sites that were said to be conquered or captured by Joshua and the next generations, only two show destruction layers for this time, Hazor and Bethel.
在据说被攻占的20处可辨认的遗址中,被约书亚及其子孙所攻占，只有两处显示出当时的摧毁层，夏锁和伯特利。
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So there were criticisms in the air but obviously he doesn't want to say much about that.
当时的环境充斥着对他的批评,但是他似乎也不愿回应。
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In other words, the teaching fellows I had in those days who knows? They may rise up against me in the same way this semester -but the teaching fellows I had in those days said, "You can't teach an introduction.
也就是说，当时我教的那些学生,谁知道呢？，这学期他们也有可能以同样的方式反驳我,当时我教的那些学生说，“你不能教入门。
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I've got the Federal Funds Rate--it's the shortest interest rate, an overnight rate--it was at 4% at that time and then there was a sharp drop.
这是联邦基金利率,是最短期的利率,当时的隔夜拆借利率是4%,接下来利率急速下跌
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That really is the question we are wrestling with and, of course, behind it all is can we seek any historical information from Homer's poems at all?
这确实是一个很棘手的问题,不管怎样,我们是否能从荷马史诗中,得出当时的史实呢
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In the meantime, let's consider the academic setting.
同时，我们也要考虑到当时的学术背景。
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And that is exactly what the South began to see itself as, at least Southern leadership began to see itself as, as early as the 1820s and 1830s.
当时的南方就开始有那种感觉了,至少南方的领导层就开始有那种感觉了,那还是十九世纪二三十年代
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Remember, this is a time, as we'll see in a while, where the czar was on the road a lot, and distances in the Russian empire are enormous.
要记得一点,我们后面还会讲到,因为彼得大帝经常外出,而当时的俄帝国幅员辽阔
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The influence of the so-called Konstanz School spread to the United States and had many ramifications here, particularly and crucially in the early work of another critic we'll be turning to later in the semester, Stanley Fish.
所谓康斯坦流派当时的影响,已经扩大到美国,并在美国有了许多分支，尤其是另一批评家,斯坦利，费什的重要努力促成了这个局面,这个人物在我们这个学期的后期会讲到。
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But Amsterdam reflects this kind of primacy of the global economy, because it's such an important trading power, but also this federalist decentralized aspect that I've tried to describe.
但是当时的阿姆斯特丹反应了,一种全球化经济的趋势,因为它是非常重要的一股贸易势力,而联邦分权制的政体,正如我刚才说的,也是同等重要
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There were eleven million workers in Germany at the time and other countries looked on this as, this is ridiculous, no government can actually manage the system like this.
当时的德国有1100万工人,其他国家视此情景为儿戏，没有哪个政府能像这样管理一个体系。
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I think maybe it's because they didn't have the concepts down.
我想可能是因为,当时的人们并没有理论体系的支撑
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So, you can understand they really felt quite confident at this time that we could explain everything that was going on and in fact, a really telling quote from the time was said by a professor at the University of Chicago, and what he said is, "Our future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth decimal place."
所以你可以理解,为什么当时的人那么,自信的说我们可以解释,这世界上发生的一起事情,事实上，当时有个著名的名言,是芝加哥大学的一个教授说的,他说“我们今后的科学发现,就在于弄清楚小数点第六位后的数，“
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