-
According to Freud, there are three distinct processes going on in your head and these are in violent internal conflict.
根据弗洛伊德的理论，在你的头脑中存在着,三种截然不同的人格结构,它们之间存在着强烈的内部冲突。
-
And he had a stage theory, which was quite different from the Freudian stage theory that we have been introduced to.
他提出了一个阶段理论,这个阶段理论与我们之前所介绍的,弗洛伊德的阶段理论有着很大的不同
-
An obvious problem with this theory, and Freud acknowledges this problem in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, is that it's awfully hard to keep death and sex separate.
这个理论的有一个明显的问题，弗洛伊德在《超越快乐原则》中也承认了，那就是很难将死亡与性分开。
-
Initially a psychoanalyst, trained through the works of Freud, she realized the focuses had been too much on the negative-- on neurosis, on psychosis and said we also, not only but also have to focus on what is working on human organism.
她最初是精神分析学者，学习弗洛伊德的理论，意识到其过于注重消极面-,神经症，精神病，她认为，还必须关注影响人类生命体的东西。
-
So, what I did so far is i've told you what Freud had to say in broad outline.
前面我对弗洛伊德的理论进行了概述。
-
According to Freud, the-- it's not a fixation in the stage, in the same sense as an oral or anal stage, but yes.
根据弗洛伊德的理论-,这并不是发生在某个阶段的固着，像是发生在口腔期和肛门期阶段那样，不过，你是对的。
-
Freudian theory is now, at this point of time, extremely controversial and there is a lot of well-known criticisms and attacks on Freud.
如今，精神分析理论存在很多争议,有很多著名的针对弗洛伊德的批判和攻击。
-
And the ego -- the emergence of the ego for Freud -- symbolizes the origin of consciousness.
因而在弗洛伊德的理论中-,自我的出现象征着意识的起源。
-
So, to some extent, this rounds out Freud because to some extent the particulars of Freud are-- for the most part have been rejected.
所以，在某种程度上，这个发现完善了弗洛伊德的理论,因为从某种程度上来说,弗洛伊德理论的大部分内容是遭到驳斥的。
-
Arguably, Freud fails the test because Freudian theory is often so vague and flexible that it can't really be tested in any reliable way.
可以肯定的是，弗洛伊德的理论无法得到验证,因为精神分析理论的内容,太过模糊又太易变通,你无法通过任何可靠的方式,去验证它的正确性。
-
And penis envy is an account of a developmental state that every one of you who is female has gone through, according to Freud.
根据弗洛伊德的理论,阴茎嫉妒是对女性所经历的，某一发展状态的解释。
-
I then want to take the time to consider whether or not we should believe this and how well it fits with our modern science.
接下来的时间我想来和大家讨论一下,弗洛伊德的理论是否可信,以及弗洛伊德的理论,在多大程度上是符合现代科学的。
-
We have time for some further questions about Freud and about scientific implications of Freud.
我们还有点时间,你们对弗洛伊德及其理论的科学内涵,还有什么问题吗。
-
Now last time, following Ricoeur, I mentioned Marx, Nietzsche and Freud as key figures in the sort of secondary development that somehow inaugurates theory, and then I added Darwin.
上次继里克尔之后，我提到了马克思，尼采和弗洛伊德,把他们作为推动初始理论进一步发展的关键人物，之后我加上了达尔文。
-
And that's, according to Freud, how a human begins, pure id.
根据弗洛伊德的理论，刚出生的婴儿就是这个样子，也就是说婴儿只有本我。
-
So today and Monday we're going to talk about two very big ideas and these ideas are associated with Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner and are psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
所以在今天和星期一,我们将学习两大心理理论,其代表人物分别是,西格蒙特·弗洛伊德和,伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳,这两个理论便是精神分析理论,和行为主义理论。
-
Do people have any questions about Freud or Freud's theories?
你们对弗洛伊德,或是他的理论有什么问题吗？
-
Now, according to Freud, most of this is unconscious.
根据弗洛伊德的理论，人格结构的大部分是无意识的。
-
Freud and Skinner had explanations of all of these.
弗洛伊德和斯金纳的理论解释了上述一切。
-
If you have problems during those years of life, you could become an anal personality, according to Freud, And, according to Freud, literally, it meant you are unwilling to part with your own feces.
据弗洛伊德的理论,如果你在那几年里你出了问题，那么你就会形成肛门期人格，根据弗洛伊德的理论，这就表示，你不愿意排泄粪便。
-
Freud lives on both in a clinical setting and in the university but Freud at Yale, for instance, is much more likely to be found in the history department or the literature department than in the psychology department.
虽然在临床和大学中,都会有涉及到弗洛伊德的理论,但是，以耶鲁为例，你更可能在历史系或是文学系,听到弗洛伊德的理论,而不是在心理学系。
-
But the general idea of Freud is actually been so successful both in the study of scientific psychology and in our interpretation of everyday life that, to some extent, freud's been a victim of his own success.
但弗洛伊德的理论,确实在科学心理学的研究,和日常生活的解释方面,获得了巨大的成功，以至于弗洛伊德多少有点，成了他自身成功的牺牲者。
-
Now, Freud developed this.
这就是弗洛伊德提出的理论。
-
But then because children, according to Freud, don't have a good sense of the boundary between their mind and the world, they think their father can tell that they're plotting to kill him and they figure their father is now angry at them.
但是，据弗洛伊德的理论，由于儿童无法很好地,在心理和现实之间划清界限，即他们认为自己的父亲,能够看出他们在密谋弑父,而且他们还认为父亲非常生他们的气。
-
The problem is Freud had a very sort of hydraulic theory of what goes on, and some of this stuff slips out and it shows up in dreams and it shows up in slips of the tongue.
问题在于,弗洛伊德用所谓的液压理论,解释了发生的事情，有些受到压抑的欲望,会通过梦境和口误而表现出来。
-
So, according to Freud, there are people in this room who are what they are because they got stuck in the oral stage or the anal stage.
所以根据弗洛伊德的理论，在座各位之所以展示出不同的人格,是因为你们停留在了口腔期或肛门期。
-
And, according to Freud, this happens to all of us in this way.
据弗洛伊德的理论，我们所有人都会产生这个情结。
-
And so, Freud's theory is, as I said before, a theory of everyday life, of decisions, of errors, of falling in love, but it's also a theory of child development.
所以，正如之前所说，弗洛伊德的理论不仅解释了日常生活，决策，失误以及恋爱等现象，还解释了儿童的发展。
-
This is the Freudian theory in broad outline.
这就是弗洛伊德理论的大体框架。
-
Now, if that's the sort of thing you know about Freud, you are not going to have a very high opinion of him or of his work, but at the core of Freud's declamation, the more interesting ideas, is a set of claims of a man's intellectual importance.
如果大家对于弗洛伊德的了解仅限于此，一定不会对他及其学说给予太高的评价，不过弗洛伊德理论的核心，也是更有价值的观点，是一系列关于人类理性的主张。
应用推荐