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So we started with 10 valence electrons, we used up 8 of those electrons in terms of making bonds.
我们一开始有十个价电子，然后用掉了八个电子来成键。
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And I think that since this country started out with people coming over from different countries
我想既然这个国家一开始就有来自世界各国的人，
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So let's see, we started with 8 bonding electrons, and we used up only 4, so the answer is yes, we have 4 bonding electrons left.
那么让我们来看看，我们一开始有八个成键电子，然后只用掉了四个，因此答案应该是还有剩余，我们还剩下了四个成键电子。
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We have a strained image of the composition of the poem at its very outset and we have an image of someone writing as if he were participating in a race.
如果一开始我们就对诗歌的创作有一种不友善的印象,那么我们就会对诗人有一种印象,就好像他正在参加一场竞赛。
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And so he said, if you start off with a male and a female, at the end of one month they have an offspring. Let's assume they have two offspring. At the end of the next month let's assume those offspring have offspring. Again a male and female.
在13世纪的时候想要计算兔子的数量,就是一个月大的兔子,再过一个月就可以进行交配,所以它说如果你一开始有一公一母两只兔子,在一个月末它们就可以生小兔子,让我们假设它们生了两只小兔子。
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But hermeneutics has a history; that is to say, it's not something which has always just been there.
诠释学有它的发展历程;,它并不是一开始就有的。
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So, he's exotic just from the very beginning, and it's an exotic language.
所以说，他从一开始就有异域风格，而且是很异域风的语言。
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There will be a review session for those of you who care to come given by myself in 26-100 tomorrow night starting at 7 pm going until the last question is answered.
有一节复习课给那些关心的人,我亲自来上,明天晚上7点开始,这将持续到最后一个问题被解决。
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There's a cluster of cells here, there's a sheet of cells that forms an outer lining, and what is most noticeable is this cavity, this fluid filled cavity which begins to develop.
有一簇细胞,一层细胞构成了外形轮廓,最明显的结构就是这个空腔,这一充满液体的空腔开始发育形成
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That's because it started out that way; when the federal government wasn't involved in those sorts of things and somehow, we never had the in fact, it's talked about--we should-- maybe we'll see it in the next ten or twenty years.
因为从一开始就是分开的,当时的联邦政府还没有介入监管,我们从来没有过...,实际上有一种说法,我们应该,也许10年或20年内,统一监管能够实现
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And even if over a period of time the average amount of their regard is lower because they started lower and then got higher than someone who was always high, it's the ones who were first lower who then went up that capture our attention.
即使在一段时间内,他们对我们的评价依然不高,但是因为起点较低,只要是在日益改善，总比一开始就对我们评价好的人更有吸引力，正是开始低而慢慢增加的人,会引起我们的注意。
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Now, there are Greek traditions that are taken seriously by the Greeks that suggest that kings ruled these cities from the beginning and they have lists of kings with their names, and sometimes with stories attached to them.
古希腊人有他们一些严格执行的传统,这些传统暗示这些城邦一开始就由国王统治的,他们甚至有国王的名字的列表,有时还有关于国王的传说
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And, at the very beginning there was a train that went around the Wall of Paris, more about the walls of Paris another time, that's fun to talk about, and Parisians would take picnic lunches, and they'd get on the train, and then they'd hear these large explosions and realize that they could get killed by these large explosions.
一开始的时候,有一趟火车,是绕着巴黎城墙行驶的,下次我们多讲讲巴黎的城墙,这挺值得一谈,巴黎人会带着午餐便当,坐上火车,然后他们听见了巨大的爆炸声,突然意识到他们可能会被炸死
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Well a number of you have spent this past week playing with this particular tool which is a project the course has been working on for some time in an effort to make it easier and more social to actually shop for courses.
在过去的一周里,已经有一部分人开始使用这种特殊的工具了,这门课程一直在致力于这一工具的开发,目的是为了让课程变的更简单,选课更人性化。
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Yeats has a long career, really beginning in the late nineteenth century.
叶芝有很长一段时间，其实是从19世纪后期开始。
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Starts off with everything, ends up with nothing.
一开始什么都有，到最后一无所有。
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When I first started teaching this course and had six students, I remember one day sitting in Leverett House, having lunch by myself and one of the students comes in and says, "can I join you?" "Sure." we have lunch.
当我开始教授这门课时,有六名学生，我记得有一天坐在学生宿舍里，独自用餐，一名学生走进来说，“能一起吃吗？““当然“，我们共进午餐。
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There are really two purposes in us doing this: one was so you can get a fix on your own eating, and second you can see the challenges that are involved in assessing what people eat when you start doing studies linking diet to health.
这么做实际上有两个目的,一是你可以调整你自己的饮食,二是当你开始研究,饮食与健康的关系时,你会发现,在对人们吃什么进行评估时存在很多困难
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It's a good sort of question that gets raised in such a problematic allusion: how do you set out to write an original poem within such a conventional genre like the epic?
对于这样一项有问题的引用,提出这些问题是很好的：,你怎么能开始写一篇标榜原创的诗作,却使用史诗这一传统的文体呢？
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So in our first structure, we would find for the nitrogen we have a formal charge 5 minus 4 minus 2, because we're starting with 5 valence electrons, so that is a formal charge of minus 1.
那么在我们的第一个结构中，我们发现氮的形式电荷量是五减去四4,再减去二，因为我们开始有五个价电子，因此它的形式电荷量是负一。
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Regardless of what we think of the success of that example or of the appeal of the attempt to do such a thing, the amazing thing, I think, is that Milton felt so empowered even to embark on such an enormous project.
他的重建是否成功了我们姑且不论,也不说我们对他的这个雄心作何看法，我认为，不可思议的是，米尔顿觉得自己是如此有力量,他甚至真的开始了这样一项宏大的工程。
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What we're really getting at is the idea of saying I want to have a way of grouping together information into units that make sense. So I can go back to one of those topics we had at the beginning, which is the idea of abstraction, that I can create one of those units as a simple entity, bury away the details and write really modular code.
组合成为有意义的单元,那么这就让我们回到,一开始讲的话题之一了,这就是抽象的概念,也就是我可以以一个简单的，实体的形式创建这样的一个单元，把具体实现隐藏然后写一些,真正模块化的代码,我们在以后的课程中。
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You start with liquid metal one, liquid metal two, you have the atom ratios proper, they mix, electron transfer occurs and poof, it is clear and colorless. Sorcery.
从液态金属一，液态金属二开始，你有合适的原子比例，混合它们，电子转移发生且被证实了，产物是透明无色的，有点辣味。
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They wouldn't have said that because it doesn't sound we want to think that we invented this here but it actually was a new invention in a way because the United States has a different philosophy which the United States has been committed since its beginning to federalism.
他们不会说,因为它听起来不像,这里我们希望大家把它想成我们自己的发明,但是事实上，它确实是一个新的发明,因为美国有一个不同的哲学,这个哲学是，美国力图从一开始就,使自己成为联邦制度国家。
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It's also important, once we start talking about molecules, to have a way to represent them, and also to be able to look at a shorthand notation for a certain molecule and understand what the bond is.
还有很重要一点是，一旦我们开始讨论分子，我们需要有一种表示它们的方法，而且能够从中看出,某些分子的简化符号，并得知键的类型。
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Now we began this poem with the sense of the dreary repetitiveness in that opening phrase, "Yet once more," but here very close to the poem's end we have a vision of an end to all those fruitless exercises of repetition.
现在我们带着首句，“然而再一次的“里,沉闷的重复感开始读这首诗“,但是在诗的最后我们有一种,所有徒劳的重复行为都结束了的感觉。
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Knowing that, I'm going to say, OK, how many pigs are there, well that's just how we're, however many I had total, minus that amount, and then I can see, how many legs does that give, and then I can check, that the number of legs that I would get for that solution, is it even equal to the number of legs I started with, ah! Interesting. A return.
它将给我返回头的总数，知道了这些之后我可以说好了,有多少猪呢，无论有多少组鸡的数目，我只要用总数减去那个值,之后我就可以知道一共有多少条腿,然后再把这个值和题目中的腿数相比较，看它是否等于一开始的腿数,啊！真有趣，有一个返回值。
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We talked about two weeks ago, that if you had a population of cells, you could grow those population of cells and you could make, if they adapted the culture properly, you could make an infinite number of cells from one starting solution.
两周前我们讲到,如果你有一群细胞,你可以使细胞数量增长,如果培养得当,你可以,从开始的营养液中制造出无限数量的细胞
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now we're dealing with a lot of different atoms in the molecule, much more complicated than the initial case of the cyanide ion where we only had two.
现在我们要面对的分子中有很多不同的原子，比我们一开始只有两个,原子的氰离子复杂多了。
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