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It was only when we started to study those "best" examples,those successful kids, those "super" kids as they were initially named.
只有当我们开始研究,这些“最优秀“的个体，成功的孩子，那些“超级“孩子。
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It was only when we started to study those that we actually understood how we can best help that population.
只有当我们开始研究这些,才能了解如何帮助到整体。
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That's a little bit like the case we worried about when we started thinking about the soul view,right?
这就有点像我们刚开始研究灵魂观点时,担心的问题了，对吧？
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So, ask yourself frankly especially when it comes to designing your own tools and your own programs whether it's for real users to use, whether it's for your research group to use in some other field, you know, where do you even begin?
坦白讲，问一问你们自己,当你设计一个工具，一个程序时,它是否是为真实用户使用的，还是为在其他领域的,研究团队使用的，你们懂的，你从哪里开始？
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Back in 1988, when we started this study, we asked realtors around the country, what is the hottest market in the United States?
回溯到1988年,那时我们刚开始这项研究,我们问遍了整个国家的房产中介,在美国最炙手可热的市场是哪里
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And it's about my third or fourth week of graduate school and I'm pretty nervous about this.
那时，研究生学习才开始三到四周,我很紧张。
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So people started turning these machines they developed on themselves to try to understand how they worked.
人们开始利用自己发明的器械研究人体,试图了解其运作方式
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Water has some pretty unique properties, which we'll deal with a little bit later.
水有很多独特的性质，其中有许多我们到很晚才开始对它进行研究。
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I became obsessed by maps and looking at them.
我对地图感到困惑，开始研究它们。
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The study of political philosophy often begins as this course will do also with the study of the great books or some of the great books of our field.
政治哲学研究的开始,就像这门课的作法,常起始于研究一些伟大的巨著,或是一些我们研究领域内的巨著。
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As a consequence, he and other researchers then started looking into the lifestyles of people in these various countries to see what might help explain these differences in heart disease.
看到这样的结果,凯斯和其他研究员,开始研究七个国家人们的生活方式,看看是什么原因造成了,心脏病发病率之间的差异
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So that's what we'll start today.
所以我们今天都开始研究。
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So I set about on two missions, the first was to visit high schools around country and talk to young people about their use of digital technology and second was to go online and began to look closely at websites, chat rooms, internet list that young people were creating.
我为此制定了两个任务，第一个是拜访全国的高中,与年轻人进行交谈,关于他们对电子技术的使用,第二个任务就是上网,开始认真研究那些网站，聊天室，以及年轻人们所创造的网络世界。
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And we also have starting this Sunday, lead by one of the course's teaching fellows, what we call "walkthroughs," so this is kind of programming lexicon.
我们这周天开始“代码走查“,这个会由研究生助教带领大家，什么叫做“走查“，然后这是一种,编程词库。
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For 6 years,I was a resident tutor in Leverett House when I was a graduate student and then I also started to teach.
我做过6年莱弗里特宿舍的住校导师,我研究生在读时，就开始任教。
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I'll start with my favorite finding of all time and this is about the self.
我先从我最喜欢的研究发现开始讲,这个发现是关于自我的。
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Way back at the start of the semester when we asked,Why believe in souls?
学期一开始的时候我们研究过为何要相信灵魂的存在？
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Anyway, that was my introduction to Yale, graduate school at Yale.
不管怎样，这是我刚入耶鲁的情形，开始耶鲁的研究生生活。
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There are really two purposes in us doing this: one was so you can get a fix on your own eating, and second you can see the challenges that are involved in assessing what people eat when you start doing studies linking diet to health.
这么做实际上有两个目的,一是你可以调整你自己的饮食,二是当你开始研究,饮食与健康的关系时,你会发现,在对人们吃什么进行评估时存在很多困难
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Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of "time-in", time to look inside.
他们研究证实了“练习时间“的重要性，开始内省的时间。
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So a bunch of you have already dived into this probably which is fantastic.
你们中的一些人可能已经开始,研究这个奇异的问题了。
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In other words, my belief-- and I am going to back that up with research today and for the next semester-- is human nature is fixed.
换言之，那是我相信的观点-,我会用三个研究加以证明，从今天开始,直到下个学期-,人类本性是固有的。
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How could one begin such a study?
人如何开始这样一个研究？
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At this point the study had been undertaken, there had been many, many more trials that had been done on cancer in men than there had been done on cancer in women, so there was a political reason for doing it as well.
研究就是基于这一点开始的,但在完成了的癌症实验中,关于男性的实验,要远多于关于女性的,这样做也是有政治因素的
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Two of the key players there are Frank Speizer, a physician who got the study started, The Nurses' Health Study I, that got started in 1976, and then Walter Willett who got Nurses' Health Study II started, and is still the principle investigator of these studies.
弗兰克.斯佩萨是两名关键成员之一,就是这位内科医生提出进行 这项研究,第一阶段护士健康研究开始于1976年,另一位主要成员是沃尔特·威莱特,他开始了第二阶段的护士健康研究,他还是这些研究的理论调查者
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And so in the 1940s, a group of people led by Collier started to develop a large scale production method for making a reliable source of vaccinia virus.
在二十世纪四十年代,科利尔带领一群人开始研究,一种大规模的生产方法,这种方法能制得牛痘病毒的可靠来源
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He has been doing it since the 1970s.
他自70年代开始研究。
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The other way that they define - or find stem cells is that over the years of studying them we've begun to recognize some of the proteins, the specific proteins that are produced by these characteristic cells.
而另外一种能让研究人员定位,或者找到干细胞的方法就是,多年研究后,我们开始能识别一些蛋白,这些特定的蛋白是由,这种特殊的细胞生成的
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It's because these are the women who have abdominal obesity, so women are less likely to have it in the first place, but many do, and of those who do and have that metabolic syndrome, then they're more susceptible to the heart disease outcomes than men are.
这是因为研究对象都是有腹部肥胖的女性,女性一开始的确比较少患腹部肥胖,但其中仍有人会有腹部肥胖,所以那些患代谢综合征的腹部肥胖女性,与男性相比更容易受到心脏疾病的影响
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