So iron left to own devices in the atmosphere in the presence of a little bit of water, with the water form iron oxide.

铁在大气中，在存在,少量水的条件下，大气会开始与水结合产生氧化铁。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

At the end of last class I suggested that from here on I'm going to be assuming that there's no soul.

上一节课的最后,我说了从现在开始,我假定灵魂是不存在的。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

But the presence of the dog there is a conditioned stimulus and so you grew to be afraid of dogs.

而这时狗的存在就变成了条件刺激,所以你开始对狗心生恐惧。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

So, when there is extra glucose you want to put it into the cells that can use it immediately.

当有额外的糖分存在时,能迅速利用糖分的细胞就开始摄取糖分

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

And then, you start thinking, "Well, I could really start doing this if only X and if I had this person or if this technology existed or if this happened or this happened."

之后，你会开始思考，恩，只要某项条件成熟了，只要我认识这个人,或是如果这个技术存在,或是如果这个或那个发生了，我就能开始落实这个点子了“

斯坦福公开课 - Twitter之父Jack.Dorsey演讲：好奇和灵感的力量课程节选

Hanson says and I'm quoting him, "The real beginning in the West of individual property holding on a large scale is what he is describing."

我引述汉森说的话,他所描述的是西方私有财产,广泛存在的真正开始

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Like when they devised the first engines or the first nuclear reactors, it didn't work so well at first and then from the experience of many people working on it, over many years, a body of knowledge emerges and that's what we call technology.

这和发明出第一个发动机,或者第一个核反应堆时一样,最开始总是存在很多问题,但随着很多人不断努力去完善它,一种理论体系才得以不断发展,这就是我们所说的科技

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

We're going to talk about the emotions, why they exist, what they're there for, and how they work.

我们开始谈论情感，为什么他们存在，目的如何，如何工作。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

we might start by asking, what reasons do we have to believe in anything?

我们也许就会开始怀疑,我们凭什么相信其他所有事物存在

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Way back at the start of the semester when we asked,Why believe in souls?

学期一开始的时候我们研究过为何要相信灵魂的存在？

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So at the very same moment that positing the nonsplitting of souls seems to solve the fission problem of duplication, it yanks the rug out from underneath the soul theorist by undermining one of the types of arguments for believing in the soul in the first place.

所以在为了解决复制产生的裂变问题,营造出灵魂的不分割性时，也侵蚀了一开始相信灵魂的存在的论据,从内部动摇了灵魂理论者。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

You could use PCR to do that because if you amplify a gene in PCR, that gene had to be present from the beginning.

你可以用PCR技术来鉴定,因为如果你能用PCR扩增某一段基因,说明它从一开始就肯定是存在的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That's a nice answer to the problem of fission, but notice the problem it raises for the argument for believing in a soul in the first place.

这对于裂变问题是个更好的答案，但请注意这个答案又引起了新的问题,这就是一开始相信灵魂的存在时的说法。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

When did I begin to exist on the personality theory?

根据人格理论，我是什么时候开始存在的呢？

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Well,at first glance,you might think the answer is, look,you exist,you're alive,whatever it is--; as I said,I'm just going to be loose now, I'm going to put aside all the careful distinctions I just drew-- I'm still around as long as my body is P-functioning.

一开始，你可能会觉得答案是这样，你存在就是存活，无论;,我现在稍微放松一点规定，我要把刚才提出的区别放在一边-,只要我的身体还有人格功能我就是活着的。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

I'm going to start by talking about a very specific and interesting form of double stranded DNA called a plasmid and plasmids occur in nature.

我要从一种十分特殊,并有趣的双链DNA开始,这种双链DNA被称为质粒,它在自然界就存在

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选