But he thought that it should be channeled through state obligations, be there taxes or labor duties.

他认为为国尽忠就应该,通过缴税或者服劳役来履行国家义务

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Not only should one seek peace but we have an obligation, he says, to lay down our arms, to lay down our right to all things on the condition that others around us are prepared to do so as well.

我们不仅是应该寻求和平,还有义务来放下自己的武器，在周围的人准备同样作的情况之下,放弃我们对一切事物的权利。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Whereas most utterances purport to be saying something true about the actual state of things in the world, literary utterance is under no such obligation, the argument goes, and ought properly to be understood as fiction making it up as opposed to referring.

大多数言辞都是对事物的真实状况的,真实反映，而这种观点认为，文学没有这个义务，应该把文学理解为小说,它是虚构而不是实指。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选