And, at the other extreme, we have elements with very high value, elements with high average valence electron energy.

另外，在另一端，我们有原子序数较大的元素，这些元素有着较高的平均化合价和电子能。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

But right now I am going to give it to you as Mendeleev enunciated it. Atomic number, we will learn later, is the improvement.

但是现在我就要告诉你们,门捷列夫发表了它，原子序数，我们之后会学到，那是很大的进步。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So here we have that graphed here, Z we have atomic number z graphed against ionization energy, so, let's fill in what the actual atoms are here, and we can see in general, yes, we're following the trend.

这就是我们要画的，横坐标是原子序数，纵坐标是电离能，让我们把真正的原子填上去，我们可以看出，总体来说，没错，满足规律。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Maybe not. It has no protons, so therefore, it has no electrons Because proton number equals electron number, which means if it has no protons 0 its atomic number is zero.

也可能不会，这个元素没有质子，因此，也没有电子,因为质子数等于电子数，意味着它没有质子,它的原子序数为。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And, if you look in the very high numbers, you will see these nomenclatures.

如果你观察高序数的元素，你会发现这些术语。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, how many distinct, so again, we're talking about distinct kinetic energies, a spectrum for the element hafnium, 72 and I'll tell you here that it has a z of 72, so you don't have to spend two minutes searching your periodic table.

好，有多少分立的……还是一样，我们讨论的还是不同的动能，铪元素的光谱中出现，而且我来告诉大家铪的原子序数是，这样你就不用因为在元素周期表中找它,而花费两分钟的时间了。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What I am looking at here is boiling point as a function of atomic number.

我在看的是非典,作为原子序数的功能。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

One of them here I happened to choose is boiling point versus atomic number.

其中之一，我已经选择的是,沸点及原子序数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And, they have intermediate values.

而且，它们有着中等的原子序数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

They have the highest values.

它们有最大的原子序数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

But actually there is a little bit of an energy cost into doubling up into a single orbital, because, of course, it takes energy when you create more electron repulsion, that's not something we want to do, but we have to do it here, and it turns out that that effect predominates over, again, the energy that we gain by increasing the atomic number by one.

但实际上，在一个轨道上放两个电子,确实会亏损一点能量，因为，当你加入更多电子，引起更大的排斥能,这显然会消耗能量，这不是我们想要做的，但是在这种情况下我们不得不做，结果这一影响，超过了增加一个,原子序数所得到的能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, let's say we have an atomic number of 3, 3 that means we have 3 electrons, so we better hope to get our neutral atom that we have a charge of plus 3in the nucleus.

这也是很合理的，因为Z就是原子序数，假设原子序数是，那就有3个电子，那我们就希望,性原子有个带3个正电荷的原子核。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选