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So you see in the hybrid orbital we actually have a larger lobe on top where they constructively interfered.
所以你们可以看到在杂化轨道里,我们上面,由很大的一叶相长干涉。
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And that's because I've left her to do it and to the school rather than me interfering.
那是因为我让她自己去做，去上学，而不是我干涉的。
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Just like we see destructive interference with water waves or with light waves, we can also see destructive interference with orbitals.
就像我们看到水波,和光波的相消干涉，我们也可以看到轨道的相消干涉。
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Does he fully intend to obey this command, to annul the covenantal promise with his own hand? Or does he trust in God to intervene? Or is this a paradox of faith? Does Abraham intend faithfully to obey, all the while trusting faithfully that God's promise will nevertheless be fulfilled?
他是否完全打算遵守这个命令，亲手废止,契约的应许？或者，他信任上帝的干涉吗？又或者,这是个信仰的悖论吗？亚伯拉罕打算忠诚地服从，同时,忠实地相信即使如此上帝的应许也会实现吗？
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The English Reformation, which begins with Henry VIII wanting to divorce and kill his various wives along the way, still had an awful lot to do with the resistance to the power of Rome and the power of the Catholic Church as an institution.
英国的宗教改革,自亨利八世开始,就是那个总爱离婚,且一辈子患有杀妻癖的君王,他仍然还要面对强大的罗马教廷,以及天主教会的反对与干涉
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the different states want corporations to register and therefore the rules are such that they protect the corporation with the poison pills I can't get into all these different things - -stagnant boards, poison pills- and I think if you just change some of that we could be like, for instance, England is much better.
每个州都想让自己的企业注册,所以现在的规则就是,各州都用毒药丸保护企业,我不能干涉所有的这些东西,-没有进步的管理层，毒药丸-,如果你愿意改变其中一些方面的话,我们就会像，例如，英国企业的情况比美国好多了。
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That's the fundamental mistake, as they see it, that their enemies of various kinds make in their understanding, in their approach to literature.
这是他们的根本错误，在他们看来，他们，敌人，干涉对文学的理解。
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And his basic rights were seen to be absolute, for nothing must interfere with the right of each individual to defend his life, liberty, and property.
人的基本权利被视作每个个体都绝对拥有的,任何事物都无法干涉的,自卫,自由,财产的权利
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Since we're talking about wave functions, since we're talking about the properties of waves, we don't only have constructive interference, we can also imagine a case where we would have destructive interference.
因为我们讨论的是波函数，因为我们讨论的是波的性质，我们不仅有相长干涉，我们也可以想象在,某种情况下会有相消干涉。
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So if we have constructive interference between the two, what we're going to see is our molecular orbital looks something like this.
如果两者是相干干涉，我们看到分子轨道,看起来是这个样子的。
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All right. So we see constructive interference, of course, we can also see destructive interference.
好了，我们看到的是相长干涉，当然我们也会看到相消干涉。
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And in either case if we first talk about constructive interference, what again we're going to see is that where these two orbitals come together, we're going to see increased wave function in that area, so we saw constructive interference.
在任何情况下,如果我们首先讨论相长干涉的话，我们同样会看到,当这两个轨道靠拢的时候，我们看到这个区域有波函数增加，所以我们看到的是相长干涉。
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So if we write out every term individually, what we end up with is essentially just the probability density for the first atom, then the probability density for the second atom, and then we have this last term here, and this is what ends up being the interference term.
如果我们把每一项都写出来，最后得到的就是,第一个原子的概率密度，然后是第二个原子的概率密度，然后是这最后一项，这就是干涉项。
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We can also talk about anti-bonding orbitals where we have destructive interference.
我们也可以讨论,相消干涉的反键轨道。
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So in this case the cross term represents constructive interference between the two 1 s atomic wave functions.
在这种情况下交叉项代表两个,1s原子波函数的相干干涉。
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And the pi star orbitals result from any time you have destructive py interference from 2 p orbitals that are either the p x or the p y.
星轨道是由于2p轨道的相消干涉,不管是px还是。
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And again, if we write out what all the terms are, we again have 1 s a squared plus 1 s b squared, but now what we're doing is we're actually subtracting the interference term.
同样，如果我们把所有的项都写出来，同样我们有1s平方加上1sb平方，先现在我们做的是,我们要减去干涉项。
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You can see if we combine the s with the top lobe of the p, they're going to constructively interfere because they have the same sign.
你们会看到如果我们把s轨道和p轨道的上叶结合，它们是相长干涉,因为它们负号是相同的。
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In Numbers 14, for example, when the Israelites complain again, God is determined to destroy them, and Moses intervenes, and the intervention leads to a compromise.
比如，在《民数记》14中，当犹太人再次抱怨的时候，上帝决定毁灭他们，但是摩西阻止了，摩西的干涉，使上帝妥协了。
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So, we'll start by taking a look at constructive interference, and another way to explain this is just to say again, molecular orbitals are a linear combination of atomic orbitals.
我们先来看一看相长干涉，另外一个解释它的方法就是说，分子轨道是原子轨道的组合。
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And it turns out that when you constructively have two p orbitals interfere, and when I say constructively, I mean they're both either positive or they're both the negative lobes, that's when you got bonding.
当两个ｐ轨道,相长干涉时，我说的相干相长，意思就是说它们要么都是,正的叶瓣要么都是负的叶瓣，这时就能成键。
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When we were talking about constructive interference, we had more electron density in between the 2 nuclei.
当我们讨论相长干涉的时候，在两个原子核之间有更多的电子密度。
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So if we're subtracting the interference term, what we have here now is destructive interference.
如果我们减去干涉项，我们得到的就是相消干涉。
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The reason that we can talk about this is remember that we're talking about wave functions, we're talking about waves, so we can have constructive interference in which two different orbitals can constructively interfere, we can also have destructive interference.
我们可以这么说的原因是,记住我们说的是波函数，我们说的是波函数，所以我们可以得到相长干涉,这是两个不同轨道会相长干涉，我们也有相消干涉。
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Most of these episodes will occur in the book of Numbers, and they involve the rebellion of the people in some way, generally God's fury in reaction to that rebellion, Moses' intervention usually on behalf of the people, and God's appeasement.
许多片段都将发生在《民数记》中，其中还涉及到人们的背叛，然后是上帝对人们背叛的怒火，摩西一般都是代表人民进行干涉，安抚上帝。
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So we can draw that for 1 s a, we can also draw it for 1 s b, and what I'm saying for the molecular wave function is that we have the interference between the two, and we have a constructive interference, so we end up adding these two wave functions together.
所以我们可以对1sa画出它来，我们也可以对1sb画出它来，对于分子波函数我要说的是,它们两者之间会干涉，这里我们有相长干涉，所以我们得到的是波两个波函数加起来。
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sa So we have 1 s a, and we're drawing this as having a positive amplitude, but since we have destructive interference we're going to draw 1 s b as having the opposite sign, so we have a plus and a minus in terms of signs.
我们有，我们把这画成一个正的振幅，但因为我们是相消干涉,我们把1sb画成相反的符号，所以我们有一正一负两个符号。
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