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So Augustus actually reconstituted the Senate, and it was just that, a Senate reconstituted by the emperor.
奥古斯都早已重组元老院，由帝王重组的元老院。
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He and his family, the emperor's family, - was, in a sense, the patron for the whole people of the Roman Empire-- - at least for all the Romans-- the paterfamilias of the entire empire.
他及其家庭，帝王的家庭，某种意义上说，就是整个罗马帝国的庇护者-,至少是所有罗马人的-,他成了整个帝国的家长。
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Strong enough to interfere with the ambitions of emperors and kings, it never was able to impose its own domination, though some of the Popes surely tried.
也无法与君主帝王的,雄心壮志相抗衡,宗教是无法统治一个国家的,一些教皇的努力也以失败告终
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Some scholars refer to Deuteronomy as a kind of counter treaty, if you will, right? A subversive document that's trying to shift the people's loyalty from the Assyrian overlord to God, the true sovereign, and it's part of a national movement.
有些学者把申命记看做是一份对应的条约，如果你会这样的话，是吗？一份颠覆性的条约，试图将人们的忠诚,从亚述帝王那里引向上帝，真正的统治者，并且这是一次全国性行动的一部分。
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Was it kings who hauled the craggy blocks of stone?
然木工石坊之作帝王乎
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CEO It's like the royal "we." It's more like the imperial CEO and they build up a huge amount of people around them and they very rarely get to the nub of the problem.
就像皇家的“我们“，更像帝王,他们在身旁埋下了很多的人脉,他们很少能够认识到问题的本质。
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And this is the way the emperor would forever then try to present himself.
帝王永远都是这么表现自己的。
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They weren't expected to sacrifice, either to the emperor or to other gods.
不用对帝王或其他神，贡献祭品。
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Christianity began as a persecuted religion that ultimately captured the Roman empire only after centuries of hostility towards the Empire, towards Rome, towards the secular state in general.
基督教最初作为被迫害的宗教,最终征服了整个罗马帝国,而在此之前,它经过了数世纪,对帝王对罗马以及,对整个世俗世界的反抗
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The books are filled with the names of kings.
青史所留皆为帝王之名
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The emperor in the east was able to do that because they were not conquered by the barbarians, but in the West, you have this situation where nobody is fully in charge.
东方帝王之所以能够如愿以偿,是因为他们没有受到野蛮人的入侵,但是在西方,你面临的情形是,没有人负有完全的责任
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Christianity's main roots were in Judaism, a religion that worshipped a single, all powerful deity, who is sharply separated from human beings, makes great moral demands upon them, and judges them all, even kings and emperors.
基督的主要来源是犹太教,这种宗教崇拜单一的,无所不能的神,它独立于人类而存在,作出种种道德要求和评判,即使君主和帝王也不例外
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Greek language, culture, and religions, different religions and the syncretism, - Greek education, the polis structure-- all of these things remained in the East throughout the Roman rule of the East, all the way up until the time you had a Christian emperor with Constantine, and later.
希腊语，文化，宗教，不同宗教，融合，希腊教育，希腊城市结构-,这些在罗马统治东方时,都保留了下来，直到出现了,信仰基督教的帝王君士坦丁一世及其他。
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