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Well, let me turn to another aspect of the story of Homer and how the poems play into Greek society.
接着让我们转向荷马史诗的另一方面,看看诗歌是如何融入希腊社会的
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and it is the matrix of all future political ideas and arguments in the Greek world that comes after this time.
这也是希腊社会此后政治理念,和政治主张的原型
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And the hippodrome, which becomes the circus in Latin-- that's just the Latin translation of hippodrome, because as you'll see, Romans started adopting a lot of these, which were originally Greek institutions, into their society also.
后来赛马场到了拉丁语里变成了马戏表演场-,那是拉丁语对赛马场的翻译，你们以后会学到，罗马人采纳了很多，原本希腊式的制度，融入了他们的社会。
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People who have never known of civil society; people who have never known of a world with polis, well, of course,they would do something stupid like that.
希腊人认为不知道文明社会的人,也不会知道城邦的世界,所以才会做出如此愚蠢的行为
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Well, it's around 750, a great number of the changes that moved the Greeks away from the Dark Age kind of society to the full scale polis begin.
在大约公元前七百五十年,发生了许多变化,这些变化将希腊从黑暗时代的社会形态中拽出,进而开始了全面的城邦社会
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He is conceivable to the Greeks only in a society.
对希腊人而言只有生存在社会中的人才真实
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It's a contest just like everything else in Greek society and there's a tremendous amount of pride that goes into victory and a tremendous amount of shame that goes into defeat.
这种竞争与希腊社会中,其他斗争一样,胜者王,享受无穷荣耀,败者寇,受千万人耻笑
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The Greek view,moreover, presupposes that man lives in society.
进一步说,希腊的观点的前提条件,就是人是生活在社会中的
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I think we must remember that there were people creating and repeating, and working out, and changing a poetic tradition that started in the Mycenaean world and lasted for the rest of Greek history.
我想我们必须记住,这些进行创造和传承的人民,他们仔细刻画,发展成了诗歌的传统,从迈锡尼社会开始,一直延续到希腊历史的剩余部分
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Aristotle went on to say that the justice needed to control this dark side of human nature can be found only in a well ordered society of free people who govern themselves, and the only one that he knew was the Polis of the Greeks.
亚里士多德还说过,正义需要用来,控制人性的丑恶面,只有在公民自治的秩序井然的,社会里才能找得到正义,他所知道的这样的社会就是希腊城邦
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