The word polis appears in Homer, but it means something different from what it means throughout most of Greek history.

城邦"这个词首先出现在荷马史诗,但是它在这里的意思,与在希腊历史中的意思不同

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Well, let me turn to another aspect of the story of Homer and how the poems play into Greek society.

接着让我们转向荷马史诗的另一方面,看看诗歌是如何融入希腊社会的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

When you were a young boy, you would've studied just reading and writing Homer.

希腊男子在幼年时，要学习阅读书写荷马史诗。

耶鲁公开课 - 新约课程节选

There are also differences, sometimes, in the shape of weapons that we find in the Greek World after the Mycenaean Period compared to what are described in Homer's poems.

在武器的设计上有时也有差异,处于后迈锡尼文明的希腊所发现的,武器和《荷马史诗》的描述是不同的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

But we know that the Greeks in Homer don't do that.

但我们发现《荷马史诗》中的希腊人并不如此

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The Greeks in Homer incinerate the bodies of the dead.

荷马史诗》中的希腊人实行火葬

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选