Firms that do that are, in practice, however, the minority and most mutual funds have some gimmick or some special-- they claim to be beating the market not forming the optimal portfolio.

然而实际上,这么做的公司很少,大部分共同基金都会耍些花招,或有一些特别的...,他们强调他们的收益率将强于市场平均水平,而非建立最佳投资组合

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Maybe on average institutions lose thirty basis points, but it's kind of Lake Wobegon, where we all believe that we're better than average, so we're going to overcome that thirty basis points -that's not such a big hurdle.

可能平均每个机构都会落后30个基点,这就有点像沃比冈湖效应,大家都觉得自己能高过市场平均水平,30个基点会赶上的,不算什么大的差距

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

In that case, alpha is a measure of how much Shiller,Inc. outperforms.

这样的话,alpha就用以衡量,希勒公司.表现超过市场平均水平多少

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选