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He lived in the Tuileries palace along the Seine, which was burned in 1871 during the commune.
塞纳河畔的杜伊勒里宫,它在1871年被巴黎公社付之一炬
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And you have to imagine him after the commune,after the slaughter and the buildings are still burning,or at least smoldering, that he comes to Paris.
你可以想象,在巴黎公社后,在大屠杀之后,房屋仍在燃烧,或至少是在冒烟,这时候他来到了巴黎
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The first is obviously Marx against the backdrop of the first great Socialist Revolution which eventually resulted in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, when the Russian formalist movement was at its height.
第一个当然是马克思,当时的巴黎公社运动,最终导致了俄国十月革命，这时俄国的形式主义运动正处于高潮。
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That was the Commune and we're going to go on to the State next time.
这就是巴黎公社,下次我们讲主权国家
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And this was the ultimate lesson of the Commune that would hang over Europe.
这才是巴黎公社遗留给整个欧洲的,最大的教训
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The state could strike back with unparalleled savagery against those people who got in the way, and that's what happened at the commune, in the Paris Commune.
但它竟也可以以空前野蛮的步伐倒退,就为了对抗那些阻碍了他们的人们,这就是在公社时期所发生的,巴黎公社时期
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The Paris Commune has to be placed in the context of two things going on.
要讲巴黎公社,就必须把当时发生的两件事作为背景
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And, so, you're surrounded--and people, they don't agree on everything.
处在包围圈中,巴黎公社的人们,并不是所有观点都会保持一致
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Okay, today I want to talk about the Paris Commune.
好的,今天我想谈谈巴黎公社
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This is how I end the previous course, but it's the most appropriate place to start this one, because the Paris Commune hung over Europe for the next twenty or thirty years.
我上节课结束时就讲到这里,这十分适合作为这节课的开头,因为巴黎公社的阴霾,笼罩了欧洲接下来的二三十年
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So, what was the Paris Commune?
那么,巴黎公社是什么呢
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And people used to go up there on May Day, and sometimes on the anniversary of the Commune, just to see where these people fell, with enormous more dignity than the people who shot them.
过去,人们会在国际劳动节时上那去,有时候巴黎公社纪念日也去,就是要去看看那些人们倒下的地方,相比那些射杀他们的人们,他们有着高得多的尊严
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Interestingly enough, ten years ago somebody found photos taken by this Parisian of the siege in the Commune in the back of the Hotel de Ville; they were found ten years ago, they had survived.
令人颇感惊奇的是,在十年前,有人发现了由巴黎人所拍的,公社在市政厅后被围的一些相片,它们于十年前被发现,居然得以留存完好
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And a couple of the communards-- one is a woman that you'll read about later, called Louise Michel, who spends half her time in exile in London, who was an anarchist, basically, was very important, along with Elisabeth Dmitrieff.
巴黎公社中的一些社员,你们之后会在阅读材料中读到她,她叫路易斯·米歇尔,她半辈子的时间都被放逐于伦敦,她是无政府主义者,更关键的是因为,她与伊丽莎白·德米特里耶夫的观点一致
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And, so, you can see how this would have an impact on every country, on the United States--those of you who've taken American history, this sort of view that immigrants were increasingly bringing socialism and anarchism to the United States.
由此我们能看出巴黎公社对世界各国,对美国的影响,那些学过美国历史的人懂的,移民们越来越多,在美国宣扬社会主义和无政府主义
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And, in my view, the Paris Commune and the massacre that followed the Paris Commune, the massacre of thousands and thousands of people, anticipated the twentieth century, when you became guilty for just being who you were.
在我看来,巴黎公社和随后的那场,使得成千上万的人死于非命的大屠杀,都预示了二十世纪的血雨腥风,人们仅仅因为自己的出身而获罪
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So, the Commune begins on the 18th of March, 1871, and it lasts until the end of May, 1871. Lenin once called it the "Festival of the Oppressed"; and Lenin was wrong about many things, he was right about a few things but wrong about many, but he got that one right.
由此,巴黎公社在一八七一年三月十八日成立,并于同年的五月底被政府所瓦解,列宁将这段时间称为"受压迫者的庆典",列宁做错过不少事情,他做对的事情寥寥无几,但对于巴黎公社的评价是正确的
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You can still see in the Pantheon-- the sort of secular monument but also just Napoleonic generals one after another-- you can still see bullet holes there, from the Commune, not just from World War Two, from where people were executed.
你在先贤祠,那是安葬着诸如埃米尔·左拉等,当然一个挨一个的,也放着拿破仑一世的将军们,你在那仍然可以看到弹孔,它是巴黎公社时就留下的,不仅仅只是二战时候的,人们被处决时留下的弹孔
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