So, not just a spectrum of viruses, but there's viruses and bacteria and parasites and other microorganisms that can cause disease.

所以,不是只有病毒,还有病毒,细菌,寄生虫,和其它各种微生物都能导致疾病

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If we looked at all 30000, genes that were important in each individual how do you pick out which ones are important for a particular disease?

如果我们检查人体中,所有三万个至关重要的基因,要怎样从中找出,导致某种疾病的特定基因呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They're the result of millions of individual decisions at millions of points in time.

他说,"这些疾病是每时每刻,由每个人所作的决定导致的

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

The two main ones involve the existence of an unconscious, unconscious motivation, and the notion of unconscious dynamics or unconscious conflict which lead to mental illnesses, dreams, slips of the tongue and so on.

这两个观点涉及了无意识动机的存在,以及导致心理疾病，梦境，口误等心理过程的,无意识动力或无意识冲突的概念。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选

One way is to replace a gene that's defective in a disease.

其中之一是置换,导致某种疾病的缺陷基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now in some--in the chronic respiratory diseases there's some infection but most of the other things are caused by lifestyle or by other factors, not the infectious diseases.

如今一些,如慢性呼吸道疾病,有一些是传染所得,但大多数,都是生活方式或其他因素导致的,而不是感染性疾病

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

They live much longer lives and they live to die of something else and the leading causes of death currently haven't changed very much since 1997 when this data was published: they die of heart disease and cancer primarily.

人们活的更久了,不过会死于另一些疾病,如今导致死亡的主要原因,并没有太大的变化,自一九九七年有相关数据公开开始,其显示人们主要死于心脏病和癌症

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Or what - and often it's not going to be just one gene, it's going to be combinations of genes, and how do you predict the fate of the individual based on all of the genes that you know to be involved in progression of a certain disease.

有时候甚至都不仅仅是一个基因的问题,引发疾病的是一些不同基因的组合,并且怎样基于,导致某种特定疾病的所有基因,来预测一个人未来是否会患这种疾病呢

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选