It's interesting to think about what's driving that and what it means for our health and for international politics.

到底是什么导致了这些变化以及,这对我们的健康和国际政治意味着什么,这些都值得我们思考

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

And the most important has to do with the nature of the act that leads to the transformation of the human characters.

最重要的一点，是人类听从欲望的驱使,导致了本性的变化。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

What are the ramifications of the proposed change. Will it break other things?

可能的变化有什么分支？,它们会不会导致其它错误？这是件大事？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

That difference has functional consequences for the daughter cells in that one of the daughter cells becomes what's called here a committed progenitor cell.

而这些差异会导致子细胞,产生一些功能上的变化,其中一个子细胞会成为,所谓的定向祖细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But if you look at 1860, the bottom map, if you can vaguely see those deep, dark, red areas, you can see where cotton moved, where slavery moved in the domestic slave trade, and then where Southern political power moved.

看看1860年,就在地图的最底部,如果你们能看到这些深红色的区域,你们就能明白棉花种植地的扩大,是如何导致奴隶需求量扩大的,同样变化的还有南方政权力量

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Sometimes that subtle change can lead to a big change in the function of the protein.

有时候,蛋白质在结构上的小小改变,会导致其功能发生巨大变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

That results in a dramatic change in the membrane voltage; the potential across the membrane and that's shown here by this rapid rise in membrane potential.

变化导致了膜电压的剧烈变化,膜电压就是跨膜的电势差,表现为膜电位的迅速上升

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, imagine if that change in structure could be switched on and off by addition of a phosphorous; and in fact it can in many proteins.

那么,想象一下,只需引入磷酸基团,就能导致蛋白质的结构发生变化,事实上很多蛋白质就是如此

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin binding leads to phosphorylation, leads to other biochemical changes.

胰岛素与受体结合导致磷酸化,进而产生其它生物化学变化

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

When it does it makes biochemical changes inside the cells and one of the things it does is increase glucose uptake into certain kinds of cells, particularly fat cells and muscle cells.

这导致细胞内部发生生物化学变化,其中的一个变化是,某些细胞开始增加对糖分的摄取,尤其是脂肪细胞和肌细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They live much longer lives and they live to die of something else and the leading causes of death currently haven't changed very much since 1997 when this data was published: they die of heart disease and cancer primarily.

人们活的更久了,不过会死于另一些疾病,如今导致死亡的主要原因,并没有太大的变化,自一九九七年有相关数据公开开始,其显示人们主要死于心脏病和癌症

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Insulin, the ligand binds to its receptor, creates a change through a kinase activity that's exposed, which leads to other biochemical changes, which leads to a change in cell behavior - in this case the cell behavior is that more glucose transporters are brought to the membrane and more glucose can enter the cell.

胰岛素,一种能够与受体结合的配体,通过其暴露出的激酶活性引起的变化,导致了其它后续生化变化的发生,进而使细胞行为发生改变,这个例子中的细胞行为就是,更多的糖载体被带到细胞膜表面,这样更多的糖分子进入到细胞内部

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There might be these, what are called epigenetic differences that I mentioned changes in the structure around DNA, and those changes lead to differences in which fraction of the total genes in the chromosomes are being expressed by a particular cell.

可能存在的差异,叫做表观遗传差异,我之前说过的DNA结构上的变化,而这些变化导致,在特定细胞中,染色体组的全部基因中,只有一部分表达出来

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选