The earnings is a measure of the value of the company and typically they've been valued at something like fifteen times earnings.
收益是对公司价值的衡量,一般是以,15乘以收益的形式体现的
They show the expected return on stocks versus bonds or short-term debt for a whole range of countries.
他们对这些国家的股票预期收益与,国债或者短期债券作出比较。
And in principle, I could redo this calculation for every single possible probability you could think of.
并且理论上,对于每一个可能的概率对,我们都可以进行预期收益计算
And for Milton, whose temperament up to this point inclined him obviously to hesitation, to postponement, and to merely the anticipation of profit, the pressure applied by this parable of the unprofitable servant may very well have seemed utterly unbearable.
对于弥尔顿来说,这是性格使然,他读到这里会犹豫,会止步不前,会对利益有所期待,这则寓言中毫无收益的仆人,给了他无尽的压力。
It might be zero for some people, but it's actually-- it is--the standard rate for people who have not negligible income is 15%.
对某些收益较少的人来说税率是零,但实际上...,对于大部分投资获利的人来说,标准税率是15%
The fact that I changed the other guy's payoffs didn't matter here.
别人的收益改变了但对我的没有影响
So the number for the... The payoff for the shooter is his probability of scoring and the payoff for the goal keeper is just the negative of that.
对罚球者来说,他的收益是进球的概率,而门将的收益是其相反数
The natural thing to do would be to average them up, right?
很自然的想法是对收益率求平均值
You should see that the blue line is better than the pink line because, for any expected return, the blue line is to the left of the pink line, right?
可以看到蓝线比粉线好,原因是对于任意的预期收益率,蓝线都在粉线的左边,对吧?
It was--Modigliani and Miller said back then-- this was thirty or forty years ago-- that companies should really not pay dividends because dividends were then taxed at a higher rate than capital gains.
莫迪利阿尼和米勒说在那时候,大概30或40年前,公司不应分配股利,因为对股利征税的税率比对资本收益高
I'm missing payoffs, right?
还缺少收益,对吧
What he says you should do instead is to take the geometric average of gross returns.
他认为应该,对每年的收益求几何平均
So we've got the firms, they're the players, I know what their strategies are, I know a little bit about the structure of the market, and I still need to tell you what payoffs are.
我们有了公司,作为参与人,我知道它们的策略是什么,对市场的结构也有一些了解,我还需要告诉你们收益是什么
What I suggest we do is we do what we did last time and we start to draw a picture to figure out what my expected payoff is, depending on what I believe the goalie is going to do.
我建议用上次的方法,作图来表示在我对门将的策略,存在某种信念下,我的预期收益
I don't find that my analysis is profound in the final answer, I just took some estimates using my data and, again, we could-- if someone wanted to argue with us they could argue with my estimates of the expected returns of the standard deviations and the covariances, but not with this theory.
我在计算过程中并没有做太深入的分析,我只是用我的数据做了一下大概的估计,我再说一次,我们可以-,如果有人想就这个问题与我们争辩,他们可以争论我对期望收益的估计,或是争论标准差和协方差的估计值,但并不会针对理论本身。
The price of a share is the price of the ownership of that earnings' stream If I buy a share I'm in with everyone else who owns the company and I have a claim on the earnings' stream, but the earnings' stream is a year-by-year thing.
每股价格是指,收入所有权的价格,如果我和其他股东一样买了一份股票,那么我就对收益有要求权,但收益是逐年计算的
People would invest in buildings solely for tax purposes because you could write off the depreciation on the building, so people were cynically setting up DPPs as tax shelters only.
人们可以仅仅为了避税而投资一幢大楼,因为你可以对大楼计提折旧,注,计提的折旧可以抵扣税前收益从而减少应交税金 所以讽刺的是DPP仅被当做了避税工具
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