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In these parts of the Politics Aristotle offers a serious challenge to existing Greek traditions and patterns of political education.
在这部份的《政治学》,亚里士多德对,当时的希腊政治教育传统与模式,提出严肃的挑战。
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Aristotle and Thomas Jefferson seem to disagree over the basic fact of human experience, whether it's equality or inequality.
亚里士多德和杰佛逊似乎对基本的,人类经历的事实有着不同看法，无论那是平等或不平等。
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Aristotle is considered the ancestor of the varying sorts of thought about form, and it's this move, this move that he makes in the Poetics, that engenders this possibility.
亚里士多德称得上是对形式的多元思考之父,正是他所做的，和在《诗学》书中所提到的，使这一切成为可能。
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A society based simply on the mutual calculation of interests could not be a real political society for Aristotle.
一个建构在双方相互算计利益的社会,对亚里士多德而言,并不是一个真正的政治社会。
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But, to some degree, this captures some of the way in which Aristotle has been perceived over the centuries.
但在某种程度上，这捕捉了一些,几个世纪以来,人们对亚里士多德的观感。
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Aristotle's extreme reluctance, his hesitance to speak to the issues of his time, are perhaps the result of his foreignness to Athens.
亚里士多德极为冷淡，他对时局演变持保留态度的主因，可能是因为,自己对雅典的陌生感。
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This will probably come as a surprise to some of you that Aristotle discovered America but I will get to that in a minute.
这也许,对某些同学而言是个惊奇,亚里士多德竟然发现美国,但我马上就会加以解译。
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So Aristotle seems to be offering, in some respects, a kind of criticism of the kind of states with which we are most familiar.
因此从一些来说，亚里士多德似乎在提供一种对某种国家的评判,而那是我们最熟悉的。
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But the good citizen Aristotle goes on to say ? is not the same as the good human being right?
但是好公民，亚里士多德继续谈到,不同于好人，对吧？
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The polity is the regime that represents for Aristotle a mixture of the principles of oligarchy and democracy.
政体对亚里士多德而言,即是代表,寡头与民主原则混合的政权。
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Yet Aristotle's conception of our political nature seems to require standards of justice that are natural or right for us.
但亚里士多德对我们政治天性的概念,似乎需要正义的标准,且那对我们是自然或正确的法治预设。
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For Aristotle however politics has a priority to all the others because as he has argued man is the political animal.
对亚里士多德而言,政治优先于其它学科,因为如他所主张人类,是政治的动物。
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Are Aristotle's views on democracy correct here in his analysis? Do in fact many chefs make ? for a better dinner than a single chef?
亚里士多德对民主的看法,从他的分析来看，正确吗？多位厨师所准备的,晚餐真的比单一厨师所准备的来的好吗？
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Aristotle, for Hobbes, had simply seen the world through the wrong end of the telescope.
对霍布斯来说，亚里士多德简单地,从望远镜的错误一端看世界。
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For Hobbes, Aristotle taught the dangerous doctrine of republican government that was seen to be practiced particularly during the Cromwellian Period in England, during the civil war.
对贺伯斯而言，亚里士多德教授,共和政府的危险教义,而那被视为,是英国克伦威尔时期所盛行，当时仍在英国内战时期。
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But before we dismiss Aristotle's account as insufferably inegalitarian and elitist, we have to ask a difficult question, not just of Aristotle, but more importantly of ourselves.
但在我们驳斥亚里士多德的论点之前,即令人无法忍受的不平等及精英者论点，我们必需要问一个艰难的问题，不只是关于亚里士多德，对我们更是重要。
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In many ways for Aristotle as it is for every student of politics the most serious the most difficult issue one confronts is the problem of faction.
从很多方面看来，无论是对亚里士多德,还是每位政治系的同学而言,最令人最感严肃,与严重的问题,是派系的问题。
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But for Aristotle it is not the liberty of the individual so much as the functioning or functional well-being of the city that is the highest priority.
但对亚里士多德而言,并非个人自由,而是城市运作中,或能运作的福利,才是最要优先考虑的事。
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Hobbes set himself up as the great anti-Aristotle, the great opposition to Aristotle.
霍布斯认为自己是杰出的“反亚里士多德“者，是对亚里士多德伟大的颠覆。
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Who knows maybe they're right but Aristotle would deny it.
天晓得，也许他们是对的,但亚里士多德必会加以否定。
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We need to avoid the temptation, in many ways understandable as it might be, to airbrush or sanitize Aristotle, to make him seem more politically correct for modern readers.
我们要避开这个诱惑，虽然在很多方面看来，他可能在经过喷雾与消毒之后较易理解，亚里士多德,也许会对现代的读者变得比较政治正确。
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But then the question is, for Aristotle, the question he poses for us is: Logos What is the connection between logos, ? the capacity for speech of rationality, and politics?
但问题是，对亚里士多德而言：,他丢给我们的问题是：什么，即辩论合理性的能力与政治之间的关连？
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For Aristotle the point and purpose of political science is to mediate the causes of faction to help causes of faction that lead to revolution and civil war.
对亚里士多德而言,政治科学的论点与目的,是要调解形成派系的起因,避免派系形成，因那会导致革新与内战。
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It also entails for Aristotle, interestingly, the power of love.
有趣的是，对亚里士多德而言，它还必须包含爱的力量。
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Just out of respect to Mr. Aristotle.
展现一点对亚里士多德先生的尊重。
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There seems to be at least built in to Aristotle's account of politics a certain flexibility a certain latitude of discretion that in some passages even seems to border on a kind of relativism.
那看似建入于,亚里士多德对政治的描述,某种弹性，某种恣意的判断力,在有些段落甚至,看起来近似一种相对论。
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For the great Jewish medieval philosopher, Moses Maimonides Aristotle was called by him " "the Master of those who know."
而对中古世纪的犹太哲学家，而言，Moses，Maimonides，亚里士多德则被他称为,“有识者的老师“
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There are certainly echoes of this reading of Aristotle as a teacher of participatory republican government in the later writings of democratic thinkers from Tocqueville to Hannah Arendt.
有不少声音响应,这种对亚里士多德的解读,将他视为是参与式共和政府的恩师,例如日后民主思想家,托克维尔及，Hannah，Arendt的著作。
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But how we want to know does Aristotle reconcile his account of the term baseleia the king of overall with his earlier emphasis upon democratic deliberation and shared rule the citizen recall is one who takes turn ruling and being ruled in turn.
但我们想知道的是亚里士多德,如何调配，Baseleia，宇宙王,与他先前对民主商议与分享统治公民的强调,回想一下，即大家轮流统治,且被统治者相对服从,当读者探究亚里士多德对王权的论述。
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