If I consume Bud Light, then I have to pay for the Bud Light, I think it typically costs less, the price, the raw price is less than Guinness but I also pay an additional cost from the fact that Bud Light, when I drink it, causes me "disutility": we'll put it politely like that.

如过我买百威淡啤酒,我必须要支付百威淡啤酒的价格,我想它会便宜点,原材料的价格比吉尼斯低,但我同样要支付附加成本因为百威淡啤酒,当我喝它的时候,味道一般,我表达得委婉一点

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And the telephone companies in the United State, generally about 200 billion dollars a year carrying long distance telephone conversations and they thought this conversations might be carried for free over the internet was quite shocking to them. Of course free is very low price, and they are not like it to be free.

美国的各电话公司，一般大约有每年2千亿美元,来自长途电话会话，他们认为,这些会话有可能通过互联网免费传输,对他们来说是相当震惊的，当然了,免费是很低的价格了，他们不希望它免费。

麻省理工公开课 - 媒体、教育、市场课程节选

Well it's going to 1 -P1 if they're the low price firm.

如果公司1的价格较低,它是1-P1

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选