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So what we end up with in terms of our bonding electrons is going to be 6 bonding electrons.
因此最终我们需要六个成键电子,那么我们可以来把它们填上。
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but if you actually convert that to Euros, it's not that, it's not much more.
但如果把它们换算成欧元，就没有那么贵了。
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This completely could change if you were to flip from one to the other conformation which can happen in chemical reactions.
在化学反应中,它们的形状,可以从一种折叠成另外一种。
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So the state variables describe the equilibrium's state and they don't care about how this state got to where it is.
状态变量,描述平衡态，它们并不关心,系统是如何演化成这样的。
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This thing better start turning negative soon or we are going to change the way the world works here.
它们很容易一开始就转化成负的,或者我们将取改变那儿工作方式。
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You need some of it because some of it gets converted into molecules called phospholipids, and phospholipids are different.
但你也需要一些甘油三酯,因为它们可以转化成磷脂分子,而磷脂又各不相同
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And they wove them together into the form that we have now, and that is a process that is referred to as redaction or editing.
他们将它们编篡成我们现在看到的形式，这就是我们所说的编辑过程。
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the answer is, "When they were built, they were built in such a way as to have certain instructions that they begin to follow out."
答案是,在他们被创造出来时,就被构造成一种拥有特定指令,使它们能够依之开始工作的样子
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It's not going to get converted into 0s and 1s.
它们最后不会转换成0和。
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One way to think about Nash equilibria is that they are self-enforcing agreements, so provided that everyone believes that everyone is going to go along with this agreement, then everyone in fact will.
我们可以这样理解纳什均衡,把它们想象成自我实施的协议,假设每个人都相信,大家都会遵守协议,那么大家就都会遵守
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There's no reason why these two attributes had to be proportional, but they are proportional and they are equal by choice of units and you can ask, "Is this just an accident or is it part of a big picture?"
我们不知道这两个质量为何成比例,但它们确实成比例,而且如果选择合适的单位还会相等,你会问,"这种情况纯属偶然,还是这只是物理学大体系的冰山一角"
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So any time you have two atoms bonding, the bond axis is just the axis that they're bonding along.
任何时候如果你有两个原子成键，键轴就是它们成键的方向。
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He needs to know about the structures of the molecules, because if the structure is wrong it's not going to work.
他想要让它们成键，他需要知道分子结构，因为如果结构不对。
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That is important, that elements, because they are the building blocks, they combine in whole number multiples.
这很主要，元素，因为它们在组成区块，它们化合成整数倍。
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The story of the Battle of Jericho is really a composite of two accounts that have been woven together into a single narrative.
耶利亚哥战役的故事实际由两部分组成,它们被交织改编成一个故事。
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In fact, fibroblasts, which I talked about before, are very good producers of collagen, they produce the collagen matrix within which they live.
实际上,我刚讲过的,成纤维细胞,尤善于此,它们制造了自己生活环境中的,胶原蛋白基质
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So specifically, what we do associate them instead is within molecular orbitals, and what we say is that they can be either in bonding or anti-bonding orbitals.
特别的，我们把它们和,分子轨道相联系起来，我们说它们可以成为,成键轨道或者反键轨道。
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If these bonds were all completely of equal distance apart, whether is was a lone pair or bonding electrons, 5° the angles would be 109 . 5 degrees.
如果不管它是孤对，还是成键，它们等距分开的话，键角是109。
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There's no one person owning them, so they both have two electrons here that are bonding.
这里没有人欠对方，因此它们都有两个成键的电子。
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And, moreover, they are at right angles to one another that we've learned.
更多的是，根据我们所学的知识,它们都是和另外一个互成直角。
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But they will do that in a very particular way, in that only strands that exactly match will be able to reform their native structure.
但是双链的形成也不是随意的,只有完全互补的单链之间,才成重新恢复到它们原先的结构
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By terminal I mean they're only bonded to one thing.
我所说的末端的意思是它们只能与一个原子成键。
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We can tabulate them. We can know them, and then when we have reactions that inter-convert different compounds, we can calculate the heat of reaction is just the difference between the heat of formation of the reactants, and the heat of formation of the products, right.
种化合物的生成热，可以把它们列成表,可以认知它们，而当我们要处理，在不同化合物间转变的反应时,我们只要计算反应物和,生成物的生成热之间的不同,就能计算出反应热。
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So for some you that are less interested in maybe the physical structure of an individual atom, now some more exciting material for you might be coming up if you like to think about how, instead, molecules behave, either within bonding, within themselves, or with other molecules, that's what we're going to be heading to in this next unit.
那么对于某些同学，你们或许不感兴趣,对于单个原子的物理结构，现在可能有令你感到兴奋的内容,要出现了，如果你更喜欢思考,分子的行为，或者是关于成键的，或者是关于它们本身的，又或者与其它分子之间的行为，这些将是我们下个单元要讲的内容。
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Yeah, so also 4. We started with 10 valence electrons, we used up 6 of those as bonding electrons, so we have 4 left, which will be lone pair electrons.
对，也是四个，我们从十个价电子开始，只用了六个来成键，因此我们还剩下四个，它们将成为孤对电子。
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So we'll start to look at molecules and we'll see if we take two atoms and we fill in our molecular orbital and it turns out that they have more anti-bonding orbitals than bonding, that's -- a diatomic molecule we'll never see.
我们要看开始看一看分子,并且我们会发现如果我们,取两个原子并且填入分子轨道,结果是它们的反键轨道,比成键轨道更多，这就是-一个我们不会看到的二元子分子。
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And if we talk about what's going on in areas, or with atoms that have high electronegativity, and we think about whether they're electron donors or electron acceptors, what would you expect for an atom that has high electronegativity?
如果我们要讨论这片区域的情况，或者说讨论这些电负性很高的原子，我们会把它们想象成电子的施主,还是受主？,大家认为哪一种,是电负性很高的原子？
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Well, it would be useful because if I could take cells from the skin, find stem cells in the skin and then de-differentiate them so that they were now capable of becoming liver, or brain, or things that they're not going to become in their normal site, then that could be a very powerful tool for medicine.
这是因为,如果我能取一些皮肤细胞,找一些皮肤干细胞,并将它们去分化,那它们就能分化成肝脏,大脑或其他一些,它们原本分化不出来的细胞,这可以成为一个医学利器
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But they're not accurate all the time in predicting bonding within molecules, and the reason for this is because Lewis structures are not, in fact, based on quantum mechanics.
但它们在预测分子内,成键时不总是正确的，这是因为Lewis结构，实际上不是基于量子力学的。
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But the acceleration it produces on the elephant and on the mass, are in an inverse ratio of their masses.
但这个力使大象和物体产生的加速度,与它们的质量成反比
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