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Science is very hostile to innovation when it challenges existing theory, sort of like management, the same thing.
科学对创新是有敌意的,当创新在挑战已存在的理论，跟管理一样，同样的道理。
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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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So Bohr was validated in very, very strong measure, but there were also some contrary data.
所以说波尔理论得到了强有力的证实，但其实也存在一些反面数据。
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All right,so on the body view,I exist here, but I'm not alive,so it doesn't give me what matters.
好了，在肉体理论角度，我存在于此，但我并不是活着的，这不是我想要的关键。
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The mathematical theory of probability was unknown until that time and you can see that insurance suddenly made an appearance at that time.
在那之前,概率的数学理论,是不存在的,而随着概率论的出现,保险业也突然出现了
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At this level of abstraction, plainly there isn't all that much incentive to apply thinking of that kind, but on the other hand undoubtedly theory does exist for the most part to be applied.
就这门课程中理论的抽象程度而言，没必要把它,用于实践，但是在绝大多数情况下,理论无疑都是为了实践而存在。
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And we need to ask in the case of higher or worthier pleasures are there theories of the good life that can provide independent moral standards for the worth of pleasures?
我们要问，就更高的或更有价值的快乐而言,是否存在“良善生活“的理论,能为快乐的价值,提供独立的道德标准？
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It is, needless to say, being a bright, brilliant idea that one guy thought of, it has been assaulted on all sides and there is plenty of controversy about it.
况且这还是一个人在千思万想后,所总结出的辉煌又灿烂的智慧,这些理论受到来自各方的抨击,并且存在着诸多争议
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And there's actually a way that we can make predictions here, and what I'll tell you is molecular orbital theory predicts that h e 2 does not exist because it's not stabilized in terms of forming the molecule.
其实我们有一种办法可以做出预测，我要告诉你们的是分子轨道,理论预测He2不存在,因为它形成分子不稳定。
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According to Freud, there are three distinct processes going on in your head and these are in violent internal conflict.
根据弗洛伊德的理论，在你的头脑中存在着,三种截然不同的人格结构,它们之间存在着强烈的内部冲突。
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A big problem with this is a lot of Freudian theory is claimed to be validated in the course of psychoanalysis.
这里存在的一个大问题便是,精神分析理论中的很多内容,被认为是能够在精神分析的过程中,得到证实的。
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Or it might be,even as a body theorist, I'll cease to exist but what matters will continue.
或者即便作为肉体理论者，我不再存在，但我看重的东西会继续存活。
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Another question is if you believe in modules-- if there are modules, what are they?
另一个问题是,如果你相信模块理论,如果模块是存在的,那么它们究竟是什么
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It seems to violate one of the fundamental metaphysical things about how people work.
这似乎违背了形而上学理论关于人存在的基本概念。
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So, I was talking about the scientifically respectable ideas of Freud and I want to talk about some new ideas about why there could be an unconscious.
我当时正在讲,在科学上颇有名望的弗洛依德理论,我想给大家讲一些新的,关于“无意识为何会存在“的理论。
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Anyway, that shows that I think probability theory does have a long history, but-- it not being an intellectual discipline-- it didn't really inform a generation of finance theory.
不管怎样,这个故事表明概率论,确实有很悠久的历史,但,那时它并非以学科形式存在,也没有对金融理论的产生有过指导意义
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And in fact, hazing through cognitive dissonance draws the inference that this is really, really valuable and this is why it exists.
事实上，根据认识失调来运用欺负新人这个手段得出一个结论,这个理论非常有价值，这就是为什么它会存在。
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Freudian theory is now, at this point of time, extremely controversial and there is a lot of well-known criticisms and attacks on Freud.
如今，精神分析理论存在很多争议,有很多著名的针对弗洛伊德的批判和攻击。
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That's a little bit misleading, given the view I just sketched where even though I'm dead I still exist for a while as a corpse.
这有一点误导人，根据我刚才阐述的理论,即便我死亡，依然能作为尸体存在一段。
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As a fan of the body view,I believe I'll still exist for a while.
作为肉体理论的支持者，我相信我还会存在一段时间。
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One way you could reject a theory is that it could be wrong.
一种情况是，理论本身就是存在错误的。
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Even on the body view,the fact that I exist isn't good enough, ? because I'm not alive.I want to know,when am I alive? When am I dead?
即使从身体理论的角度，我存在并不不足够，因为我并不算活着，我什么时候活着？什么时候是死的？
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We'd being saying on the personality theory, I don't exist,but I'm alive.
在人格理论下，我们说，我不存在，但依然存活。
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And indeed,although I'm alive on the body view,I'm not still a person.
虽然我在肉体理论下是存活的，但已经不作为人存在。
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When did I begin to exist on the personality theory?
根据人格理论，我是什么时候开始存在的呢？
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And then become body theorists,if there are no souls.
然后变成肉体理论家，假如没有灵魂存在。
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I know there are theories out there.
肯定存在某些理论可以帮助我们解释意识
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According to the personality theory,follow the personality.
根据人格理论，存在基于人格。
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If so, what do they look like?
如果存在，那会是怎样的理论？
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So,in the fission case,the body says,the body theorist says, in the fission case,there's splitting,there's branching.
在这种裂变的情况下，肉体理论者说，分裂和分支存在的情况下。
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