It is a claim already, and as you've seen in Aristotle, towards the end of the history of the free polis, it is something necessary for mankind.

如你在亚里斯多德那里看到那样,在临近自由城邦历史的末期,这已经成为了一种宣言,这对人类来说是不可或缺的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

The physical basis for everything that we normally hold dear, like free will, consciousness, morality and emotions, and that's what we'll begin the course with, talking about how a physical thing can give rise to mental life.

我们所拥有的一切的生理基础,如自由意志,意识,道德和情绪,我们的课程将会以此作为开始,讨论生理的东西如何能产生心理活动

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选