No, we call that work positive work. All right, so that means we need to put a negative sign right here, by convention.

历史上有过不同的习惯，这里我们规定,如果环境对系统做功。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

There is a whole tradition within this country of buffering Christianity, if I can use that phrase.

美国有宽容基督教的历史,如果我可以这么说的话。

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选

Gadamer says, and here again he's attacking historicism: The text that is understood historically is forced to abandon its claim that it is uttering something true.

伽达默尔在攻击历史相对主义时这样说道：,文本如果放在历史的角度理解,那么这样的理解肯定不是绝对正确的。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

If you look at the history of U.S. Taxes, the very simple history is World War One and World War Two.

如果你看一下美国税收历史，里面提到了一个典型的时期,就是一次世界大战和二次世界大战的时候。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

For reading, if you are really curious about some of this early history, I can recommend this book. It is "Mendeleev's Dream."

关于阅读，如果你们真的对,早期的历史很感兴趣的话，我向你们推荐这本书，叫做门捷列夫的梦想“

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Later definitions,however, will be expansive and broad and as you go further and deeper into Greek history, the claims become greater and greater.

然而,之后的定义,将变得更广博,更宽泛,如果你进一步深入古希腊历史,这个含义就会进一步宽泛

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

If the food environment had evolved very slowly, as it had in earlier human history, the body would have a chance to adapt.

如果食品环境演化很缓慢,像它在人类早期历史时那样,机体就有机会去适应这样的食品环境

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

These prophets delivered their oracles at critical junctures in Israel's history, in the nation's history, so their words are only going to make sense to us if we first understand the particular historical crises that they are addressing.

这些告知发表预言，总是在一些关键的转折期,在以色列历史中，国家的历史中，因此他们的话只对我们有意义,如果我们首先懂得某些特别的历史性危机,先知们所提到的。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

a little piece of history here, if you like.

如果你喜欢，有一点小历史要跟你们说。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

If you look back over it, there was no major or minor in western music up until about sixteenth century, and then people started writing these things called madrigals, that were tied to texts.

如果回顾下历史,大家会发现直到十六世纪,西方世界才出现大调和小调,那时人们开始写一种叫做牧歌的曲子,并配上歌词

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

I talk about humility, which again, I think if you go through our history, ll see it has been a very important value.

我谈到谦逊，同样地，如果你纵观美国历史，会发现谦逊至关重要，you’

普林斯顿公开课 - 国际座谈会课程节选

In other words, only if we really are sure that the historicist act of reading is effective and works, if I know the meaning of a text. Well, fine.

换言之，要是我们确定,阅读这个历史主义行为是有效的，有用的，如果我知道文本的意思，那么，很好。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

On the other hand, historically, most institutions do both If you go around the world, are also involved in investment banking.

另一方面，从历史上来说,如果你去全球看看，也做银行投资业务。

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The abandonment of such a study or its adulteration for current political purposes would be a terrible loss for all of humanity, and at the base, at the root of that civilization stood the Greeks.

如果出于政治的目的而对此段历史,视而不见甚至完全摒弃,这对全人类,将是一个巨大的损失,追根溯源,这一切都根植于希腊文明

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

Now if any of you are interested in exploring this issue of food and history there's an awful lot written about it a number of books that have been written about it that are quite good.

现在,如果谁,对探究食物与人类历史的关系有兴趣的话,有很多关于这方面的著作,很多这方面的好书

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

And just to give you some small defense of that approach, I always like to ask students, "Suppose we didn't have a single historical record, no newspaper, no diaries. You know nothing totally reliable for what happened in the latter part of the eighteenth century in America."

我可以给你们一个反驳的理由,我总是问学生们,"如果没有历史文献,报纸和日记,那么对于美国十八世纪后期的历史,你们将一无所知"

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

That's the way I do the history -it may have some other version if you look further.

这是我所了解的历史,如果深入了解,可能还有其他说法

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

It is an understanding that cannot be achieved without a serious examination of the western experience.

如果不仔细研究西方历史的发展经历,是不可能有这种认知的

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选

This was one of the very first recorded bugs in the history of computation.

在关于计算的历史上,有一个最早记录的bug，如果你们。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选