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Now this moment is striking in part because we had no idea - how could we possibly have had an idea?
如今这一刻又浮现在脑海中，部分是因为我们并不知道,等等，我们如何能够知道？
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You apply a force and the material will resist it until you have a force great enough to break the bonds.
如何你对它施加一个外力，材料能够承受,除非这个外力足够强大去打破键。
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That is to say, how do we form the conclusion that we are interpreting something adequately, that we have a basis for the kind of reading that we're doing?
也就是说,当说到我们能够解读某个事物，或对正在进行的阅读有一定基础，我们是如何得出上述结论的？
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Neuropsychologists love when motorcyclists drive without helmets because through their horrible accidents we gain great insights into how the brain works.
他们喜欢不带安全帽就能开摩托车的时代,因为通过他们严重的交通事故,我们能够了解大脑是如何进行活动的
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And then we'll talk about how you can build something to replace a complicated small part in the body like that.
然后我们再讨论工程师们如何构建,能够取代体内如此精细小巧器官的东西
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And to be able to really have that kind of conversation and then what do those believes have to do with our academic studies and our desires for how we live our lives? -Right.
我希望他们能够真正地进行这种对话,然后把这些信仰,和学业，以及我们该如何生活,联系起来，-是的。
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And what we've been talking about with all of these properties are, of course, how can we figure out what that is for a certain atom by looking at the periodic table, so we want to think about the periodic trend for atomic radius.
对于我们讲过的这些性质，我们所讨论的一直都是,当然是，我们如何能够判断某一个原子的这些性质,通过观察周期表，因此我们需要思考一下原子半径的周期性规律。
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However they get there, if they get to the right answer, people respect them.
无论中间的过程如何，只要他们能够得到正确答案，就能赢得人们的尊敬。
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This is a center that cut across all of the MIT's Schools and departments, and tries to undertake innovative research in how different technologies, computer technologies, and communicational technologies can be used in educational settings.
这个中心的研究贯穿于,所有麻省理工的院系,研究不同的技术，计算机技术,通讯技术等,如何能够被不同地应用于,教育领域。
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He talks about how we can hold up a mirror to nature.
他谈到如何塑造一面能够反映自然的镜子。
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But nonetheless, we have been able to absorb all of that.
但无论如何,我们还是能够学得会
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So, if language seems exhausted because it's always preceding you, everything has always already been said, there's no new plot to be had, the world is full of stock phrases, how do you use them to embody an experience that seems fresh to you?
所以，如果因语言，在你之前就存在，而它就显得枯竭，如果一切都已经被说过，如果已没有新的情节可供创造，如果世界一直充满陈腔旧调，你如何能够用它们,呈现出一个崭新的体验？
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Now the question is "how does it expand" and "why is it so difficult for us to understand, accept, assimilate and live according to the fact that we can make a difference, if we understand that what we need to understand is how change happens.
问题是“它如何扩大“,以及为什么我们难以理解，我们能够做出改变这个事实,并接受，被同化以及据此生活，如果我们能了解我们需要理解的,是改变如何发生。
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That in many cases, I can gain efficiency if I'm willing to give up space. Having said that though, there may still be a problem, or there ought to be a problem that may be bugging you slightly, which is how do I guarantee that my hash function takes any input into exactly one spot in the storage space?
普遍存在的增益和权衡,在许多的例子中,可以通过牺牲空间而得到效率方面的增加,话说回来，仍然存在一个问题,或者应该会有一个问题困扰着你,就是我如何保证我的哈希函数能够准确将,任一输入映射到相应的唯一的存贮空间中去？
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The person who does that best is Michael Pollan, and when you read his book, In Defense of Food, he spends some time in the book defining what food is and working through this--this quagmire of how do we define food and what's acceptable to eat, what's socially acceptable, what's personally acceptable.
这一点上迈克尔·伯伦做得最好,你们可以看看他写的书《为食物辩护》,他在书中给食物下了定义,并深入地探讨了这个难题,即如何区分食物与能吃的东西,社会普遍接受的东西,个人能够接受的东西
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So, how does this all work to give rise to creatures who could do interesting things like talk and think?
那么神经元又是如何变成了,能够说话思考的奇妙生物呢
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Religious pluralisms ask the question: how can we live positively and constructively together?
宗教多元主义提出这样一个问题：,我们如何能够共同积极，具有建设性地生活？
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He was very interested in saying, "Look. We'll figure how a kid develops and that will tell us about the development of knowledge more generally."
他常说,"只要能够理解儿童如何发展,就能够理解认识发展的一般规律"
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And so my individual paper and my presentation was more on public universities and how they should respond to undocumented immigrants, and specifically whether they should offer them in-state tuition.
所以我的论文和报告,主要谈论的就是公立大学,如何对待那些无记录的移民，尤其是，他们是否,能够只付州内学费。
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It's important to notice something when it's new because then you have to decide whether it's going to harm you, how to deal with it, to attend to it, but you can't keep on noticing it.
能够注意到新鲜事物的出现是非常重要的,因为你需要确定它是否会对你造成伤害，需要确定如何去处理这个新鲜刺激，但你不能一直去注意它。
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So we're going to talk about thinking about the body as a system, as a system that can be understood the same way a motor could be understood or a computer that could be understood.
我们会讲到如何将身体看作系统进行研究,这个系统能够以研究,引擎或计算机的方法进行研究
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You've got to be able to make this stuff and you've got to be able to make it in large quantities and we'll talk about how to make nucleic acids in large quantities a little bit later in the lecture.
首先你必须能够合成这种分子,合成出的分子数量必须足够多,我们待会儿会讲到,如何大量合成核酸分子
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Did you... I mean, cause I could predict both of where you are, you are in the west bank, you are in Israel, and not really seeing a way. You know what I mean. And so what did you resolve?
那你们，我的意思是，我能够预计,你们两个所处的情形，你在西岸，你在以色列，却不是很容易找到一个方式，你们懂我的意思吗？,你们如何解决的？
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Because you trust biomedical engineers to have done a good job in designing these things and we'll talk about how biomaterials are designed and tested, and what makes a material, the properties of a material that you could use as a contact lens, what are the properties that it needs to have.
因为你深信生物医学工程师们,在设计这些材料时,已经做了充分的工作,我们会讨论如何设计和测试这些生物材料,什么材质具有,能够用来,做成隐形眼镜的材料的属性,它们需要具备的特性究竟是什么
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I think a lot of us, we do what we can in this lifetime, hoping that we're are part of a long trajectory of a moral arch toward justice What would like to see in America in 20 years?
我认为我们之中很多人在一生中会竭力奋斗，希望我们能够沿着道德，正义的,的轨迹发展,您如何构想美国20年后的情景呢？
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N 2 So any chemist should be able to just look at n 2 and know that it's a triple bond, but that's not something that we've learned how did to do yet, so let's go ahead and start a new topic that's going to allow us to have some sort of sense of what the valence electron configuration, which includes whether something's a single or double or a triple bond can be figured out for any given molecule.
任何一个化学家都应该能够仅仅通过看到2,就知道它有一个三键,但是我们还没学习如何做到这点，因此下面我们就开始进入一个新的主题,它将使我们能够有一定的认识,对于价电子的排布情况，包括可以对任何一个给定分子中的键是单键双键,还是三键作出判断。
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