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Now Isaac Newton and/or Joseph Raphson figured out how to do this kind of thing for all differentiable functions.
既然牛顿和拉复生已经,指数了如何解这种可导函数,因此我们就不用太担心了。
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So yes, I present kind of tips and tricks of how to grow your flowers, how to grow your foods.
我提供关于如何种花、如何种植食物方面的建议和窍门。
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So what they do is, they're describing how these thermodynamic properties change, in terms of only state functions and state variables.
他们的作用是描述,随着状态函数和状态变量的变化，系统的热力性质如何变化。
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And to be able to really have that kind of conversation and then what do those believes have to do with our academic studies and our desires for how we live our lives? -Right.
我希望他们能够真正地进行这种对话,然后把这些信仰,和学业，以及我们该如何生活,联系起来，-是的。
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So, this is Nabokov's beautiful evocation of how writer and reader meet at the summit of this misty mountain of the imagination.
那么，这就是纳博科夫的美好呼唤，是关于读者和作者,如何在想像的巅峰相遇。
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Now why--and here is the question why do we get this nervousness about the relationship between what I know and how I know it arising at this moment?
问题是,为什么那时候我们对,我知道什么和我如何知道的关系如此神经紧张？
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Anyway, connected to all of this was a very interesting Greek myth, which speaks about the return of the Heraclides.
无论如何,和这一切有联系的是一个有趣的希腊神话,说的是赫拉克利德后裔的回归
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And they squarely faced the question of a gradual abolition plan for the state of Virginia in 1831 and '32.
然而在1831和32年间的弗吉尼亚州,他们所面临的问题就是,如何开展废除奴隶制的计划
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These are actually all examples that we'll talk about in freshman chemistry at some point, as an example of a connection between a chemical principle we learn, and what we can know about how it functions.
作为联系一个我们,所学的化学原理,和我们能知道它，如何工作的例子。
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And,of course,the challenge -- so this is the latter part of the course-- is what do you do with this and Europe?
当然,质疑是,这部分会在日后课程提到,即该如何处理这和欧洲各国的关系
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And so the question is, "How does a thing like that give rise to consciousness and subjective experience?"
我们的问题是,"类似这样的事物是如何让我们,产生意识和主观感受的"
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And so if you know what patterns of zeroes and ones to look for as you will yourselves this year in that forensics problem set, can you recover a lot of that data?
如果你知道如何去发现,这些0和1的排列规则,这也是套题中的问题，你就能恢复把这些大量数据恢复？
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And the question is, so how many pigs does he have, and how many chickens does he have? Wow. What a deep problem, right? But you're going to see why we're going to use this in a second. So you know how to solve this, this is a fifth-grade problem, right?
为了避免歧义，这些猪和鸡都是健全的,现在问题是它到底有多少只猪和鸡呢？,多深刻的一个问题啊，对吗？,但是你将要看到的是,我们为什么要举这个例子,你知道如何解答这个问题？
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So anyway, have a wonderful weekend with your parents here, and I will see you next week.
不管如何，和你们的父母一起,享受美好的周末吧，我们下周见。
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So what we are going to talk about today and next time is how beliefs shape reality.
今天和下节课我们要谈的是,信念如何形成现实。
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But first let's worry about the point that I was emphasizing earlier, namely, even if the soul is not very much like harmony, so what?
但首先让我们探讨一下,我之前强调的那一点，那就是即使灵魂和和声大为不同，那又如何？
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That will give you insight into how these studies are done on diet and health.
这些使你深入了解,该如何研究饮食和健康
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And it increases the role of these economic elites or their concern with maintaining their privileges against threats to their privileges and to their prosperity no matter where they come from.
这在提高了经济精英的地位的同时,也使他们更担心如何保持他们的特权,以及如何对抗对他们特权和繁荣的威胁,无论威胁来自何方
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I'm not sure how much this gonna be covered in the course, but I'm very interested in the way films are recieved by audience and the shock value that film can have be acceptable in film and through time how it changes.
我不知道这门课,会多大程度上和这个话题相关，但是我对此,电影被观众接受的方式和带给观众的冲击,和电影是如何随着时间不断变化的,很感兴趣。
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how all the spaces are allocated in the building, the new renovation in terms of the students groups.
楼里所有空间如何分配和翻修，利于学生团队。
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They're rules for how a company should keep its books so that there's some regularity and standards in how accounting is done.
准则规范了公司如何记账,并建立了一套,会计规范和标准
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And so we'll talk about how that happened in the— using the examples of smallpox and polio.
所以我们会以天花和小儿麻痹症为例,讨论上述目标是如何实现的
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You've got to think about that and what it means and how were they transmitted and preserved without ; the means of technology, obviously, that we have today; and what was so exciting in the middle of the twentieth century was the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls.I'm sure that you've heard of them.
你们需要考虑到这点及这意味着什么,还有在没有当今我们所拥有的技术的年代,是如何传播和留传下来的;,在20世纪中期时最令人兴奋的就是发现了,死海古卷，我确定你们曾经听说过。
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And so things like affirmative action, things such as how should university treat its workers, how should university treat its surrounding community, state, the nation.
比如反歧视性政策，比如工人们在大学的待遇，比如大学如何处理它和,周边社区，洲和国家的关系。
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So this becomes where defining the system and the boundaries and everything becomes important.
因此问题就变成了,如何定义系统和边界,那么一切都变得重要了。
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And knowing now how to calculate these free energies especially the Helmholtz and the Gibbs free energies,that's what's going to guide us in really calculating quantitatively, OK, where will equilibrium lie.
知道如何计算,这些自由能,尤其是亥姆赫兹和吉布斯自由能之后,这些数值计算就能告诉我们，平衡态到底是什么样子。
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There's a whole bunch of blocks that we'll look at in more fun detail on Friday but I'm going to pick the easiest one here and I'm going to type Hello CS50 in this string, "Hello CS50", zooming in say how nice the puzzle pieces are nicely interlocked?
今天我们看到的各种图块,到下周五我会仔细讲解其中的精妙之处,但今天我只想举一个最简单的例子,我要在这儿键入字符串，放大窗口，然后看看这漂亮的图形和文字,是如何美妙地连结在一起的？
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Now let's see where diet comes into play here and how diet affects these different diseases.
现在我们来看看饮食和它们的关系,饮食又是如何影响这些不同疾病的
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World War One has an enormous impact on the way people viewed themselves, in France and everywhere; everybody knew people who died in the war.
一战对人们如何,看待自己产生巨大的影响,在法国和其他所有地方,每个人都有认识的人在战争中死去
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So the main business of government consists in knowing how to control the elites because they are always a potential source of conflict and ambition.
因此统治的第一要务在于,懂得如何控制精英人物因为,他们往往是冲突和野心的潜在来源。
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