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Thermodynamicstalks about equilibrium systems and how to go from one state of equilibrium to another state of equilibrium.
热力学研究的是平衡系统,以及如何,从一个平衡态转变到另一个平衡态。
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learning how to translate those skills from a domestic market into an emerging market.
学习如何将管理技巧从国内市场传递到新兴市场。
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So, from going from the shell of n equals 2, let's say, to the shell of n equals 3.
比如说，从ｎ等于２到ｎ,等于３壳层如何变化。
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When we talk about what to eat, how do we get advice on this and where do we look?
当我们讨论到我们该吃些什么的时候,我们应该从哪儿以及如何获得参考建议呢
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Again. Basic premise of binary search, or at least we set it up was, imagine I have a sorted list of elements. We get, in a second, to how we're going to get them sorted, and I want to know, is a particular element in that list..
好，二分查找的基本前提，或者是我们建立二分查找的基础,我们已经有了一个排好序的元素列表，我们就需要知道如何来快速的排序,如何从列表中找到特定的元素。
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There's - this diagram comes directly from your book, from one of the boxes in the book which describe how you analyze antibody interactions.
这个图表是直接从书上拿来的,来自于书上的一个框图里,这个框图介绍了如何分析抗体的相互作用
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We don't even have the picture in broad strokes as far as consciousness is concerned, of how it could be done in physical terms.
对于如何从物理角度解释意识,我们甚至连笼统的粗线条轮廓,都尚未建立起来
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And at the same time,we also need to cultivate the positive, to think more of the zero to the positive side of the equation as well.
同时，我们还需要培养积极性，探究如何让我们从零点升到正直,该如何做。
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And we've been living the history of how to reform the industrializing process, and now the post-industrializing process, ever since our first market revolution we're still living it.
我们那时就已生活在一个,如何改革工业化进程的历史时期中,现在的后工业化进程,其实从第一次市场革命就开始了,到今天仍是如此
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How can individuals who are biologically autonomous, who judge and see matters very differently from one another, who can never be sure whether they trust one another, ? how can such individuals accept a common authority?
在生理上独立的个人，可以从不同角度,判断和看待事物的个人，永远不可能知道他们是否能互相信任的个人，这些个体如何才能接受一个相同的权力制约呢？
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But,it was the longest republic and it lasts from, depending on when you start it-- and you can read about that-- whether you start it in 1875 or 1877, or when there really was a Republic, the early '80s-- it lasts until May,June 1940.
但这是一个持续时间最长的共和国,它持续了,取决于你如何判定它的开始时间,你可以在书上读到,从1875年还是1877年,还是从真正形成共和国,也就是从八十年代初开始,它持续到1940年六月
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So, what I want to do is start off small, with the smallest interesting part of the brain and then get bigger and bigger and bigger talk about how the small part of the brain, the neurons, the basic building blocks of thought, combine to other mental structures and into different subparts of the brain and finally to the whole thing.
我将从细微入手,从大脑最细微的部分开始,然后逐步扩大,来谈谈大脑的基本单元,也就是神经元,也是思考的基本构造,是如何组成其他心理结构的,又是如何形成不同脑组织的,最终构建出了整个的大脑
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Let's see how these play out by means of a quick review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony so all we're going to do here is going to go from the beginning of the track for the first movement to the second movement and so on, and well, let's just start here.
让我们通过迅速回顾贝多芬的第五交响曲,看乐章是如何表现的,我们现在要从,乐曲的第一乐章开头开始,听到第二乐章,以此类推,好,让我们从这开始
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So I wanted to take a few excerpts from the course's syllabus since it's not an interesting document to walk through line by line, but something you should read at some point very is not so much where you end up relative to your classmates 2 but where you end up in week 12 relative to yourself in week 0.
我想从教学大纲中,挑几段来讲一下,逐字的阅读虽然没趣,但是你也应该在某些点注意一下,你跟你同学相比最终如何,而是当第12周的时候相比第0周2,你的收获如何。
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You're not going to have a writer spending a month on the representation of a barber from Kasbeam.
这个作者才不会花一个月的时间,在如何表现一个从Kasbeam来的理发师上下功夫。
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How he applied Gandhi and techniques in bus boycott in 1955?
他如何将从甘地身上学到的技巧,应用到了1955年的公交车罢工中？
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But yet when you look back from the nineteenth century, these factors do count in explaining how countries turn out to be the way they are.
不过当你从十九世纪开始回顾历史,这些因素的确能解释,国家是如何转变成现在这样的
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You guys probably know that too from your days at the daycare, but I want to derive the formula and put it up, then we'll see how to use it.
你们可能从幼儿园起就已经知道这个式子了,但是我想重新推导一遍,再来看如何进行运用
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You should be able to maybe print out a blank copy of those notes from the website not for memorizing them, but now just understanding how the photoelectric effect works.
你们应该可以从网站上打印一份,这些笔记中的空白的纸张,不仅仅是为了记忆，而且现在要理解,光电效应是如何工作的。
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And if you just look at the numbers, you can see how it cuts in from one side and then the other side as it keeps narrowing that range until it gets down to the place where there are at most two things left, and then it just has to check those two to say whether it's there or not.
你能看到他是如何不断的，从一个大的范围被拦腰劈开,知道最终只剩下两个数字,然后就只需要,比一比就知道结果了,将它同线性查找比较下。
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We didn't have a clue back then how to explain life in material terms.
在那个年代,我们还不知道如何从物质的角度去解释生命
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Here's how to-- Just like we can explain in materialist, physicalist terms how to get desires and beliefs and the behavioral stuff down, here's how to get the feeling, qualitative aspect of things down, too."
然后,如何如何,正如我们可以从唯物主义,物理主义的角度解释如何得到欲望,信念,以及行为层面的东西,我们也可以解释如何得到感觉,定性方面的感觉
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If harmony really is invisible, and harmony really can be destroyed, that invisible things can be destroyed, even the soul is nothing like you know, that's not a good analogy for thinking of the physicalist position, have you? So what?
如果和声真的无形，而和声真的可以毁灭，那么无形的东西可以毁灭，即使灵魂不同于和声,如果从物理学家的观点来看,这不是个好的类比，那又如何？
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We'll talk about artificial organs and we'll talk about systems biology or thinking about how to acquire information for things like gene chips and use that information to understand what's happening in a complex organism like you.
我们会讨论到人造器官和系统生物学,并探讨如何从基因芯片中得到信息,并利用这些信息了解,人体作为一种复杂有机体的内在变化
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We talked about the structure of DNA, how it works in terms of a physical chemical model of the DNA molecules.
上节课我们讲了DNA的结构,从理化模型的角度讲了,DNA分子是如何工作的
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I don't know how close they were, but he certainly learned a few things from Nabokov.
我不清楚他们的关系如何，不过他肯定从Nabokov学到了不少。
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Because it's one thing to say we don't yet know how to explain consciousness in physical terms.
因为尚不知晓,如何从物理的角度去解释意识是一码事
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So this is what he asked them to do: Select four answers to the question 'What should a reader be to be a good reader?' "The reader should belong to a book club."
这就是他要求学生们做的：,从以下四个选项中选取问题,“读者如何才能成为好读者”的答案：,“读者应该是书友会的成员“
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And so this begs the question, even in the context of these cups, how can we possibly do better if at the end of the day in order to figure out if two cups or if two people or if two ints inside of an array are bigger or smaller than one another it feels like we have to do this comparison work anyway.
这样就回避了问题的实质,从这些杯子的相互关系来看，我们怎样才能更有效地,找出序列中比其他元素,都大或都小的两个杯子，两个人，两个数,看起来我们无论如何都得,做比较的工作。
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But I want to begin today with another passage, from the war years, and ask now from a Northern point of view, how do we get to Uriah Parmelee?
但是今天我要以另外一篇文章做开始,自开战那年,从北方角度来看,我们要如何理解乌利亚·帕米利
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