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On Tuesday we'll turn to a more specific subject matter: hermeneutics, what hermeneutics is, how we can think about the nature of interpretation.
周二我们会讲到一个更具体的问题：,即解释学，解释学是什么，我们该如何看待解释学的本质。
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Could you explain how you joined the army?
你能给我们解释一下你是如何加入军队的吗？
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How then can we justify the ways of God to men? How can we justify the fact that the abstinent Orpheus, the virtuous Orpheus, ? was so brutally assaulted and without any aid from the higher powers?
如何证明上帝待人之法？，如何解释俄耳甫斯这样一个,节制欲望，贞洁自守的人竟会遭到如此残忍的谋害，却得不到任何更高力量的援助这样一个事实？
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Instead, I would ask you given that this is the electron occupancy what is the explanation for it?
事实上，我要求你给出,电子占据情况,看你如何解释它？
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Because it's one thing to say we don't yet know how to explain consciousness in physical terms.
因为尚不知晓,如何从物理的角度去解释意识是一码事
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More specifically, dualists like Descartes struggle to explain how a physical body connects to an immaterial soul.
更进一步,像笛卡尔一样的二元论者努力想要解释,生理客体是如何与无形心灵相联系的
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It's interested in explaining how and why the world got the way it is.
它重要解释如何及为何成了现在的模样。
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I will leave it at that, although I will start next week by showing how that view of Hobbes is only at best partially correct.
我就讲到这里，下周我首先会解释,霍布斯的这个观点如何只是部分正确的。
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But yet when you look back from the nineteenth century, these factors do count in explaining how countries turn out to be the way they are.
不过当你从十九世纪开始回顾历史,这些因素的确能解释,国家是如何转变成现在这样的
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So, with these questions in mind, I want you think about how we can see the novel and how we can think about it in the face of the interpretation that's already layered on to it.
所以，带着这些问题，我想让你们想一下,在已经有解释的情况下,我们应该如何去看,如何去思考这部小说？
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How do you explain the difference between the two?
应该如何来解释这两种情况的区别呢？
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I'll describe how it works here.
我现在解释一下如何操作
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I suppose what I'm really saying is that the word "hermeneutics" wasn't available, and the idea that there ought to be a sort of a systematic study of how we interpret things wasn't really current.
我想说的是“诠释学“这个词,不是一开始就有的，而应该系统地学习,如何解释事物,这种思想也当时也是没有的。
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I didn't quite know how to interpret the tag line that was up here.
我真的不知道如何,解释这儿的口号。
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How am I going to rationalize choosing down?
我该如何解释我为什么选下呢
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When the gentleman brought it and install it in my bedroom here, they gave me one simple sheet to tell me how to turn it on, how to get into the program, and then program really explain itself, really invites you to explore the pieces of it, by itself, I mean.
当他们把电脑带来,安装在我的房间里，给了一个简单的小册子,告诉我如何打开电脑，如何运行这个程序，然后程序就自动开始解释了，它让你去探索每个部分，自动的，我是说。
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All we're in right now is, perhaps in existence of that with regard to consciousness, maybe some other things, we don't yet see how to explain it.
我们现在的处境就是,也许关于意识存在的一些东西,或其他什么的,我们现在还不知如何解释
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What is the personality theory going to say about this case?
人格理论要如何解释这个案例？
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I'm not--it's not my goal here to argue for or against these theological possibilities, having at least taken the time to explain philosophically how we could make sense of them.
我的目的不是想要争辩,这些神学上的可能，花时间来从哲学上解释,我们如何弄清这些道理。
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How does the physicalist explain things like that?
物理主义者又如何解释这种事呢
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If you have a computer that plays chess and you want to explain how the computer plays chess, it's impossible to do so without talking about the programs and mechanisms inside the computer.
如果你有一台能下国际象棋的计算机,你想要解释计算机是如何下国际象棋的，如果你不谈程序以及计算机的内部结构,那你就不能对它如何下国际象棋,给出解释。
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What about that case? Well, I think if we were doing a matter of physics, as it posed to--sort of psychology Psychologically we understand why, losing weight might make a real difference about how you feel about yourself.
这个案例该如何解释，我认为，如果我们在研究物理问题，或者，心理学问题,从心理学的角度我们明白原因，减肥可以让你,自己感觉非常不一样。
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I'm going to be trying to explain fundamental aspects of ourselves including questions like how do we make decisions, why do we love our children, what happens when we fall in love, and so on.
我将试着去解释一些我们遇到的基本问题,包括我们如何决策,我们为何喜爱我们的孩子,堕入爱河时会发生些什么,等等
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And particular, how should we run that if we think about the body as the key ? to personal identity?
特别是，当我们认为肉体是,人格同一性的关键时,对此我们又如何解释？
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Well, it depends on what he--on how you interpret that sentence because the sentence is beautifully ambiguous.
这取决与你如何解释那句话,因为那句话模糊的近乎完美
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How do we explain when babies come to know things that they didn't originally know?
我们如何解释,婴儿何时掌握了原本并不知道的知识
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It's not clear that's even a sensible question The question is there's a height difference between you and me and him and her ? How do we explain that difference?
这问题还并不一定成立,问题是身高差异存在于,你、我、他之间,这如何解释？
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But if that's right,what's going on in Righty's case?
但如果这是对的，小右的案例又如何解释呢？
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We don't know how to explain it in physicalist terms.
我们不知道如何从物理主义角度去解释
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It's an interesting question as to whether he really explains how a child goes from a concrete thinker to an abstract thinker, or how he goes from not having object permanence to understanding object permanence.
问题是,他是否真的解释了,儿童思维是如何从具体向抽象转变的,或是真的解释了,儿童的客体永存性概念是如何从无到有的
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