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In other words, we no longer say, "How does the author exert autonomous will with respect to the subject matter being expressed?"
换言之，我们不会再说，“作者是如何在尊重所要表达的主题的前提下,把独立的意愿加进去的？“
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or to know how to, you know, put a man on the moon, but I think,
或如何把人类送上月球，但是我认为
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When we started with the entire class, I showed the children how to bind the book by hand.
这门课最开始的时候，我向孩子们展示了如何把书用绳子缝起来。
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What I have now is the following: I can write expressions, do combinations of things to get out values, I can store them away, I can print them up.
我已经讲过如下内容：,如何写表达式，如果把东西混合然后得到结果值，我可以将其保存，也可以将其显示。
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And to be able to really have that kind of conversation and then what do those believes have to do with our academic studies and our desires for how we live our lives? -Right.
我希望他们能够真正地进行这种对话,然后把这些信仰,和学业，以及我们该如何生活,联系起来，-是的。
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And actually, a question that might come up, I just explained, the sodium channel, you might say, well, how do potassium channels work then, because I can understand how you can filter something big out, but how do you filter out something small.
实际上，可能大家会问一个问题，我刚解释过，钠离子通道，你可以说，好吧，那么钾离子通道该如何起作用呢，因为我可以理解你是如何把大东西过滤掉的，但是你如何把小东西过滤掉呢？
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The result is that when you divide an int by an int, the answer no matter what is going to be an int.
当你把一个整型数除以一个整型数时，无论如何答案将会是一个整型数。
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Higgins The idea here is how Higgins, doctor, linguist, took a flower girl and molded her in the sense into being royalty.
说的是，一位博士，语言学家，如何把一个卖花女塑造成贵族。
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So, people are talking about the use of hydrogen in fuel cells.
人们在讨论,如何把氢用在燃料电池中。
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I'm going to put aside for the moment the question of sign languages and how they work.
我想暂时把手语,及其如何作用的问题先放到一边
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How we could take cells that are differentiated to some extent and make them de-differentiate, to go back in the process of differentiation so that they gain more potential.
我们如何把一些已经分化到,一定程度的细胞去分化,使其回到分化之前,重新获得更多的潜能
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What is the status of identification?
读者把自己代入书中角色时情况会如何？
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The second possible thought that comes to mind for me, in thinking about the negative interaction effects, I call under the title-- I think about under the title-- " "How the Noble Have Fallen."
在考虑负面相互影响时，我想到的第二种可能性，我把它叫做-,我想它叫做-,“贵族如何没落“
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And that's a serious concern but the fact that the government itself took the lead in bringing that point to public attention suggests in part government's electorate interest So one should not take this all in their mighty actions.
这是个重大问题,但政府自身把这个事实,揭示给大众,说明政府在考虑如何划分选区,才符合自身利益,所以人们不应该将,这种观点带入可能的行为中。
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if you really have some trouble with DVD then Ok, put it in and if I'm not back start it anyhow and I'll try very hard to be here in the meantime,could you make out the card
如果有什么问题的话,如果我没及时赶过来的话，下次把它先放一下,无论如何把它放了，我下次也尽量赶过来,啊，你看一下这个卡
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So, let me think aloud and ask how I will guess in this problem.
让我把思考过程叙述一遍,我会如何猜出这个问题
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So, you would say, well, that's another place where Homer got it right, except for the fact that we also know how chariots are used in warfare and the closest analogy, I think, is to think of chariots as tanks.
你们可能会说,好吧,荷马又说对了,除非我们也懂得如何在战争中使用战车,我认为最相近的类比是把战车比作坦克
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But it's giving me ideas of what to do in the class when tied into what I'm teaching as well.
不过这启发了我以后如何讲课,如何把它跟我教的课程相结合。
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Putting hydrogen onboard an automobile, it's one thing to have hydrogen in the tank.
如何把氢气装在汽车里，一个办法是把氢气装在一个罐子里面。
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wish you have a very successful semester as you dig into the science of positive psychology and put it into practice in your own lives, and think about how to take positive psychology from the classroom to the world.
祝你们本学期取得成功,深入学习积极心理学的科学,并将之应用于生活，思考如何把积极心理学,从教室带向世界。
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But then it will also be taught at the second level, which is for every paper that you'll read, every paper that you'll write, you'll always be thinking, "Ok, how can I take these ideas and apply them to my life?
而教学内容的另一部分，你们读每一篇论文，写每一篇论文时，都需要思考，如何把这些理念运用到生活中去？
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I actually want to change that around, if I might, and play with that, because that's a really useful image for us: "takes the mask off literature and reminds us how we come to be sympathetic or Richard Wright how we come to think something." Think back to Richard Wright, who wants words to disappear, to be completely transparent and to leave you just with your response.
实际上，我想要改变一点，可能的话，玩弄一下，因为那对我们是很有用的画面：,把文学的面具卸下,我们是如何同情,或思考事物的，回想一下，他希望文字消失，而变成透明的，只剩下你们的回应。
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So it's not, as I say altogether straightforward to see how the answer " "Death is bad for me, because when I'm dead I don't exist" how that answers the problem as opposed to simply focusing our attention on the problem ? How can nonexistence be bad for me?
所以这并不是，就像我说的,那么简单可以领会到这个答案,“死亡对我来说不好，因为我死了我就不存在了“,如何回答了这个问题,和我们仅仅把关注点放在问题本身相反,不存在怎么可能对我来说有坏处呢？
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And you have to ask yourself is the energy difference here, the delta E in the electronic states, how does that compare with the E of visible light?
所以我们会问,是由于能量的不同么，例如deltaE在电子能态的不同，那如何把E与可见光联系起来？
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But in hard drives where we actually have these moving platters, here is in fact, how we get from electricity and magnetism to those zeros and ones.
但是在传统硬盘中我们确实有高速运转的磁盘，这就是事实，但问题是我们如何,把电磁信号转化为0和1的。
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And, as I mentioned, we left off and as we started back here to describe the atom and how the atom holds together the nucleus and the electron using classical mechanics.
我之前提及过，我们上次,讲到应用经典力学如何描述,一个原子以及原子如何把质子,和电子束缚在一起，今天我们要。
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And that's an engineering problem that we're going to talk a lot about, how to deliver drugs so that you get the action that you want, at the site that you want and not the toxicity.
这的确是一个工程学问题,我们马上就来讨论,如何把药物注射到你想要它起作用的部位,而不产生毒性
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What is this? This is a wonderful piece of abstraction. It is saying, you don't need to know squat about what's inside the body of this function. You don't have to worry about the parameter names, because they're going to be preserved, you don't need to worry about how I'm doing it, this tells you how you can use this, in order to use it correctly. Of course, I can then close it off, and off we go.
但是这能告诉你一些信息,这是什么？,这是一段完美的抽象,它的意思是你不需要知道,这个函数的内部构造，你不必担心参数是否重名，因为它们已经被预存了,你不需要担心我如何使用它,它告诉了你你该如何操作，从而正确的使用它，当然我也可以把它关掉。
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And it's a topic I want to pick up on today, we're going to do for the next few lectures, and it's a topic I want to spend some time on because this idea of capturing data and methods, the term we're going to use for it, but data and functions that belong to that data, things that can be used to manipulate them, is a really powerful one.
我们会在今天讲这个话题,在后面几节课还会讲这个,这是个我愿意花点时间，在上面的话题因为这是个,捕获数据和方法的思想,我们用这个术语来形容它，数据中包括了数据和函数等，能用来操作它们的东西,真的是很强大的工具，我们真正要讲的东西是，我们要学会如何把信息。
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All right, so we can go to today's notes, and in terms of the notes, what we're going to start with is finishing material that's going to be relevant for exam 1, and I told you on Wednesday that actually I'd give you some information today in terms of what you need to do to prepare for exam 1.
好，下面我们进入今天的讲义内容，而依照讲义，我们今天首先,要把第一次考试要求的最后一部分内容讲完，而且我周三曾经告诉过大家,我会在今天把一些信息告诉大家,是关于如何准备第一次考试的。
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